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Bozo, or Boso, meaning house of straw, is a Mande language spoken by the Bozo people, the principal fishing people of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali. According to the 2000 census, the Bozo people number about 132,100. The Bozo dialect cluster is often considered to be one language, but there is quite a bit of diversity. Ethnologue recognises four languages on the basis of requirements for literacy materials. Bozo is part of the northwestern branch of the Mande languages; the closest linguistic relative is Soninke, a major language spoken in the northwestern section of southern Mali, in eastern Senegal, and in southern Mauritania. The Bozo often speak one or more regional languages such as Bamana, Maasina Fulfulde, or Western Songhay. The language is tonal, with three lexical tones.

Bozo
RegionMali, Nigeria
EthnicityBozo people
Native speakers
230,000 in Mali apart from Tieyaxo (2003–2009)[1]
unknown number Tieyaxo; unknown number Jenaama in Nigeria
Language family
Mande
  • Western Mande
    • Northwestern
      • Soninke–Bobo
        • Soninke–Bozo
          • Bozo
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
bzx – Hainyaxo (Kɛlɛngaxo)
boo – Tiemacèwè
boz – Tiéyaxo
bze – Jenaama
Glottologbozo1252

The Bozo cluster is divided into the following varieties:

Hainyaho, spoken by the Hain (sg. Xan), is the most western dialect, spoken in two spots along the Niger. It is most closely related to Tigemaxo, its eastern neighbour which is spoken around Diafarabé. The central and most widely spoken Bozo language is Sorogama, which actually consists of four dialects, Pondori (south of Mopti), Kotya, Korondugu (north of Mopti) and Debo (around Lake Debo). Tièma Cièwè is the northeasternmost of the Bozo cluster, spoken in the vicinity of Lake Debo.


Writing system


Bozo alphabet of DNAFLA[3]
ABCDE ƐFGHI JKLMN ƝŊOƆP RSTUW XY
abcde ɛfghi jklmn ɲŋoɔp rstuw xy

A long vowel is indicated by doubling the letter: ⟨aa, ee, ɛɛ, ii, oo, ɔɔ, uu⟩; nasalization is indicated by following the letter with an n: ⟨an, en, ɛn, in, on, ɔn, un⟩.[3]


Notes


  1. Hainyaxo (Kɛlɛngaxo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tiemacèwè at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tiéyaxo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Jenaama at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. The Ethnologue (15th edition) reports for both Hainyaho and Tigemaxo identical speaker counts: 117,696, from the 1987 census. In the fourteenth edition, this number was noted to be the number of 'all mother tongue Boso speakers'. ("Welcome to ethologue.com". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-11-27.[permanent dead link], "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:BOZ". Archived from the original on 2006-05-14. Retrieved 2005-09-15.[permanent dead link]) In the light of the 200,000 reported speakers of Sorogama, by far the most widely spoken Bozo variety, speaker numbers for Hainyaho and Tigemaxo are put at 'a few thousand' here.
  3. DNAFLA 1993.

References





На других языках

[de] Bozo (Sprache)

Bozo (manchmal Boso, 'Haus des Bamboo') ist eine Sprache, die vom Volk der Bozo, dem Hauptfischervolk des Massina in Mali, gesprochen wird.
- [en] Bozo language

[fr] Bozo (langue)

Le bozo est une langue ou un continuum linguistique de la famille nigéro-congolaise et du sous-groupe mandé, proche du soninké. Il est parlé au Mali où sa variante bozo-tiéyaxo a le statut de langue nationale[1].

[it] Lingue bozo

Le lingue bozo (talvolta boso) sono un gruppo di lingue mande parlate in Mali e in Nigeria.


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