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The Soninke language (Soninke: Sooninkanxanne[2]), also known as Serakhulle or Azer[3] is a Mande language spoken by the Soninke people of Africa. The language has an estimated 2.1 million speakers, primarily located in Mali, and also (in order of numerical importance of the communities) in Senegal, Ivory Coast, The Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana. It enjoys the status of a national language in Mali, Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania.

Soninke
Sooninkanxanne
Native to	Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea and Ghana
Ethnicity	Soninke people
Native speakers	2.1 million (2006–2011)[1]
Language family	Niger-Congo Mande Western Mande Northwestern Soninke–Bobo Soninke–Bozo Soninke
Language codes
ISO 639-2	snk
ISO 639-3	snk
Glottolog	soni1259
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The language is relatively homogeneous, with only slight phonological, lexical, and grammatical variations.

Linguistically, its nearest relatives is the Bozo language ^{[citation needed]}, which is centered on the Inner Niger Delta.

It is possible that the language of the Imraguen people and/or the Nemadi dialect are dialects of, or closely related to, Soninke.[4]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		⟨m⟩ m	⟨n⟩ n	⟨ñ⟩ ɲ	⟨ŋ⟩ ŋ
Stop and Affricate	voiceless	⟨p⟩ p	⟨t⟩ t	⟨c⟩ t͡ʃ	⟨k⟩ k	⟨q⟩ q
	voiced	⟨b⟩ b	⟨d⟩ d	⟨j⟩ d͡ʒ	⟨g⟩ ɡ
Fricative		⟨f⟩ f	⟨s⟩ s		⟨x⟩ x ~ χ		⟨h⟩ h
Trill			⟨r⟩ r
Approximant		⟨w⟩ w	⟨l⟩ l	⟨y⟩ j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, iː		u, uː
Close-mid	e, eː		o, oː
Open		a, aː

[5][6]

Long vowels are written double: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu.

References

External links

• PanAfriL10n page on Soninke
• Soninkara.org: La langue soninké
• Collection of documents in Soninke
• Decree No. 2005-991 of 21 October 2005 relating to the spelling and the separation of words in Soninke via the website of the Senegalese Journal officiel (in French)

На других языках

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[de] Soninke (Sprache)

Soninke (Eigenbezeichnung Soninkanxaane) ist die Sprache der Soninke und wird den Nordwest-Mande-Sprachen innerhalb der Niger-Kongo-Sprachen zugerechnet.

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- [en] Soninke language

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[es] Idioma soninké

El idioma soninké (también llamado sarakole, sarahule, serahuli y marka) es hablado aproximadamente por un millón y medio de personas principalmente de la etnia soninké en Malí, Senegal, Gambia y Mauritania.

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[fr] Soninké (langue)

Le soninké (sooninkanxannen en soninké) est une langue mandée. Elle est parlée principalement au Mali avec plus d’un million de locuteurs, au Sénégal avec environ 400 000 locuteurs, en Mauritanie par plus de 180 000 locuteurs, en Gambie par plus de 166 000 locuteurs et aussi en Guinée-Bissau par environ 5 000 locuteurs et à l’ouest du Burkina Faso. Elle est parlée par environ 2 201 000 (estim. 2012) de personnes appartenant à la communauté soninké.

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[it] Lingua soninke

La lingua soninke (codice ISO 639-2 e ISO 639-3 snk) o soninké[1] (nome nativo soninkanxaane) è una lingua mende parlata dal popolo dei sarakole in Africa occidentale.

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[ru] Сонинке (язык)

Сонинке́ (самоназвание soninkanxaane; Aswanek, Aswanik, Azer, Ceddo, Cheddo, Gangara, Genger, Kwara, Maraka, Marka, Markaajo, Markakan, Sarakole, Sarakolle, Sarakule, Sarakulle, Sarangkole, Sarangkolle, Saraxuli, Sebbe, Serahule, Serecole, Soninkanxanne, Soninke, Sooninke, Wakkore, Wankara) — язык семьи манде, на котором говорит народ сонинке в Западной Африке: Мали (северо-запад, область Каес: округа Йелимане, Каес, Ниоро; область Куликоро: округа Банамба, Колокани, Куликоро, Нара; область Сегу: округа Барауэли и Сегу; 6 принципиальных городов, 163 деревни), Гамбия (юго-восточный край, дивизии Верхняя Река и остров МакКарти, 17 деревень), Гвинея-Бисау (северо-восток, севернее города Гауаль; город Бисау), Мавритания (юго-восток: регионы Кидимага, Куркуль, Худ-аль-Гарби, Худ-ас-Сарки; провинциальные города Каэди и Селибаби, 45 деревень), и Сенегал (регион Тамбакуда, около южного берега реки Сенегал, 42 деревни; принципиальные города Бакель, Мудери, Уаунде и Яфера; область Колда, севернее от города Велингара).

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