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Yoruboid is a 'megagroup' of 14 related language clades, composed of the Igala group of dialects spoken in south central Nigeria, and the Edekiri group spoken in a band across Togo, Ghana, Benin and southern Nigeria, including the Itsekiri of Warri Kingdom.

Yoruboid
Geographic
distribution
Eastern Ghana, Central Togo, Southern, Central & Northern Benin, Western, Southern and Central Nigeria
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Early form
Undifferentiated Ede-Igala
Proto-languageProto-Yoruboid
Subdivisions
Glottologyoru1244

Name


The name Yoruboid derives from its most widely spoken member, Yoruba, which has around 47 million primary and secondary speakers.[1] Another well-known Yoruboid language is Itsekiri (about 1,000,000 speakers). The Yoruboid group is a branch of Defoid which also includes the Akoko and Ayere-Ahan languages.[2]

The term Defoid itself is a derivative combination using the individual terms; "Ede" (meaning 'language' in most lects within the grouping), "Ife" - A city of profound cultural significance to speakers of the diverse lects, and oid, a suffix meaning "to be like" or "In the same manner as". The Defoid group itself is a branch of the Benue–Congo subfamily of the wider Niger–Congo family of languages.

All Yoruboid languages are tonal, with most of them having three level tones. Grammatically, they are isolating with a subject–verb–object basic word order and share significant degrees of both structural and lexical similarities.


Languages


Igala is a key Yoruboid language, spoken by 1.8 million people in the Niger-Benue confluence of central Nigeria; it is excised from the main body of Yoruboid languages to the west by Ebira and the northern Edoid languages. Igala is closely related to both Yoruba and Itsekiri languages.

The Itsekiris are a riverine Yoruboid people who live in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. They maintain a distinct identity separate from other Yoruboid people but speak a very closely related language. Their neighbouring languages are the Urhobo, the Okpe, the Edo, the Ijo, and the Mahin / Ugbo, Yoruba dialects spoken in neighbouring Ondo State.


Subdivisions


Proto-Yoruboid
IgalaEdekiri
Ede (Yoruba Proper)*Itsekiri**
Western EdeMokoleEastern Ede
North Nago & Ede KuraSouthwestern EdeEde ShabeSoutheastern Ede
Ede Isha & ManigriEde IdaashaAna-IfeNuclear YorubaEde Ije, South Nago
Ede Yoruba - LucumiOlukumi***
NWY & SWYCentral YorubaNEY & SEY

Names and locations


Below is a list of selected Yoruboid language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[3]

LanguageDialectsAlternate spellingsOwn name for languageEndonym(s)Other names (location-based)Other names for languageExonym(s)SpeakersLocation(s)
UlukwumiOlukumi, Unukwumi20,000Delta State, Aniocha and Oshimili LGAs
IgalaÁnkpa and Ògùgù in Ankpa LGA; Ìfè in Ankpa and Dekina LGAs; Ànyìgbá in Dekina LGA; ‘Idáh and Ìbàjì in Idah and Anambra(?) LGAs; and Èbú in Oshimili LGAIgara295,000 (1952), 800,000 (1987 UBS)Benue State, Ankpa, Dekina, Idah and Bassa LGAs; Edo State, Oshimili LGA; Anambra State, Anambra LGA
IṣẹkiriItsekiri, Ishekiri, Shekiri, Chekiri, Jekri, Izekíri, Tshekeri, DsekiriIwere, Irhobo, WarriIselema–Otu (Ịjọ name for Warri/Itsekiri people), Selemo33,000 (1952); over 100,000 (1963 Omamor); 500,000 (1987 UBS)Delta State, Warri, Bomadi and Ethiope LGAs
YorubaMany dialectsYorùbáYorùbáAku, Akusa, Eyagi, Nago5,100,000 (1952), 15,000,000 (UBS 1984), 45,000,000 (2022)[4]Most of Kwara, Lagos, Osun, Oyo, Ogun and Ondo States; western LGAs in Kogi State; and into Benin Republic, Togo and Ghana. Yoruba is spoken as a ritual language in Cuba and Brazil

See also



References


  1. Ibile, Yoruba language Group Population (2022-04-28). "Yoruba language". JoshuaProject.net. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  2. "Defoid languages, Ethnologue". 2 October 2021.
  3. Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
  4. Ibile, Yoruba language Group Population (2022-09-25). "Yoruba population". JoshuaProject.net. Retrieved 2022-09-25.

 This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.




На других языках


- [en] Yoruboid languages

[fr] Langues yoruboïdes

Les langues yoruboïdes sont des langues africaines formant une branche de la famille des langues voltaïco-nigériennes. Elles sont parlées au Bénin, au Nigeria et au Togo. La langue yoruboïde ayant le plus de locuteurs est le yoruba.



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