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Koyra Chiini ([kojra tʃiːni], figuratively "town language"), or Western Songhay, is a member of the Songhay languages spoken in Mali by about 200,000 people (in 1999) along the Niger River in Timbuktu and upriver from it in the towns of Diré, Tonka, Goundam and Niafunké as well as in the Saharan town of Araouane to its north. In this area, Koyra Chiini is the dominant language and the lingua franca, although minorities speaking Hassaniya Arabic, Tamasheq and Fulfulde are found. Djenné Chiini [dʒɛnːɛ tʃiːni], the dialect spoken in Djenné, is mutually comprehensible, but has noticeable differences, in particular two extra vowels (/ɛ/ and /ɔ/) and syntactic differences related to focalisation.

Koyra Chiini
Native toMali
RegionNiger River
Native speakers
200,000 (1999)[1]
Language family
Nilo-Saharan?
  • Songhay
    • Southern
      • Koyra Chiini
Dialects
  • Djenné Chiini
Language codes
ISO 639-3khq
Glottologkoyr1240
Location of Songhay languages[2]

Northwest Songhay:

  Korandje
  Koyra Chiini
  Tadaksahak
  Tasawaq
  Tagdal

Eastern Songhay:

  Tondi Songway Kiini
  Humburi Senni
  Koyraboro Senni
  Zarma language
  Songhoyboro Ciine
  Dendi
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East of Timbuktu, Koyra Chiini gives way relatively abruptly to another Songhay language, Koyraboro Senni.

Unlike most Songhai languages, Koyra Chiini has no phonemic tones and has subject–verb–object word order rather than subject–object–verb. It has changed the original Songhay z to j.[3]


Phonology


Vowels
Front Central Back
Close iu
Mid eo
Open a

All vowels have lengthened counterparts.[3]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate		 voiceless (p) t t͡ʃ k (ʔ)
voiced b d d͡ʒ g
Fricative voiceless f s (ʃ) (x) h
voiced (z) (ʒ)
Approximant l j w
Flap ɾ

References


  1. Koyra Chiini at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
  3. Heath, Jeffrey (1999-01-01). A Grammar of Koyra Chiini: The Songhay of Timbuktu. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110804850.


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На других языках

[de] Koyra Chiini

Koyra Chiini (koyra ʧiini, wörtlich „Stadtsprache“; auch West-Songhay) ist eine in Mali (dort in Timbuktu und den Niger-Fluss aufwärts in Diré, Tonka, Goundam und Niafunké sowie in der saharanischen Stadt Araouane) von ca. 200.000 Menschen (Stand 1999, Tendenz steigend) gesprochene Songhai-Sprache.
- [en] Koyra Chiini language

[fr] Koyra chiini

Le koyra chiini, aussi appelé songhaï de l’Ouest, est une variété de songhaï parlée au Mali par environ 200 000 personnes le long de fleuve Niger à Tombouctou, et à l’ouest, en amont, à Diré, Tonka, Goundam et Niafunké, ainsi qu’à Araouane dans le nord. Le djenné chiini, le dialecte parlé à Djenné, est mutuellement intelligible avec le koyra chiini mais a des différences notabls, en particulier les voyelles additionnelles ([ɛ] et [ɔ]) et des différences grammaticales propres à du rhème.


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