lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Search / Calendar

Godoberi (also spelled Ghodoberi; self-designation Gijbdilhi mitts; other names include also called годоберинский язык, ღოდობერიული ენა, годоберийский язык, гъибдилIи мицци, Ɣibdiƛi micci, Godoberin) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Godoberi in southwestern Dagestan, Russia. It is spoken by approximately 3,250 people.[2][3] There are only two dialects - Godoberi and Zibirhali, which differ mainly in pronunciation.[4] The Endangered Languages Project classifies the language as endangered based on the number of native speakers.[3]

Godoberi
ГъибдилIи мицци Ɣibdiƛi micci
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionSouthwestern Dagestan
Native speakers
130 (2010)[1]
Language family
Northeast Caucasian
  • Avar–Andic
    • Andic
      • Akhvakh–Tindi
        • Karata–Tindi
          • Botlikh–Tindi
            • Godoberi
Language codes
ISO 639-3gdo
Glottologghod1238
ELPGhodoberi

History


The history of the Godoberis is unknown. The Godoberi language is the main thing distinguishes the cultural group from other groups in the area. When compared to other Andic languages, Godoberi is most similar to Chamalal and Botlikh. Some words are borrowed from by Avar, Turkish, and Arabic. After being incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century and then ruled by the Soviet Union in the 20th century, there is a strong Russian influence in the Godoberi language.[4]


Geographic Distribution


Native speakers of Godoberi live in two villages: Godoberi (Gjudu in Godoberi) and Zibirhali (Shalu in Godoberi). These villages are located in the mountains on the left bank of the Andi-Koisu River in Southwest Dagestan, a republic of Russia.[4][3]


Status


Godoberi is not a written language, and it is used only in the home. Schools teach Avar and Russian. Native speakers of Godoberi use Avar or Russian as a written language. These two languages are also used when speaking to people from neighboring communities. The number of Godoberi speakers appears to have been stable for the last 40 years.[4]


Phonology


Diphthongs are found only in Godoberi and in no other Daghestanain languages (example: c'ai 'fire').[5] There are 13 phonemic vowels: i, e, a, o, u, i:, e:, a:, o:, u:, ˜i, ã, ˜u. The accent system is extremely complex, especially for nouns.[5]

prosodic patterns in Godoberi[5]
initial stress

(H!H)

initial stress

(HL)

initial/prefinal/final

(HH)

final

(HL-B)

final/prefinal

(HL!)

final/prefinal

(LL)

final/initial

(HH!)

final/initial

(LL-B)

final/prefinal/initial

(HH-B)

Nominative gédu 'cat' íča 'mare' ímu 'father' qučá 'sheepskin' buRá 'bull' haí 'eye' łerú 'feather' set'íl 'finger' ziní 'cow'
Genitive géduLi 'cat' íčLi 'mare' imúLi 'father' qučiLí 'sheepskin' buRáLi 'bull' háiLi 'eye' łéruLi 'feather' sét'ilaLi 'finger' zináLi 'cow
Dative gédułi 'cat' íčałi 'mare' ímułi 'father' qučiłí 'sheepskin' buRałí 'bull' haiłi 'eye' łérułli 'feather' sét'ilałi 'finger' zínałi 'cow'
Ergative gédudi 'cat' íčadi 'mare' imudí 'father qučidí 'sheepskin' buRadí 'bull' haidí 'eye łérudi 'feather' sét'iladi 'finger zinadí 'cow'

Morphology


Singular words have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Plural words lack those three genders and instead have two noun classes: human or inanimate object. There are two types of adjectives: primary and participles. A majority of the primary adjectives do not have gender. The four types of participles are past, present, future, and non-future negative.[5] The numerical system does not vary greatly from other languages. Verb morphology is also regular compared to other languages in the Andic language family.


Writing


Godoberi alphabet
Аа Ãã Бб Вв Гг ГIгI Гьгь Гъгъ
Дд Ее Жж Зз Ии И̃и̃ Йй Кк
КIкI Кькь Къкъ Лл ЛIлI Лълъ Мм Нн
Оо Пп Рр Сс Тт ТIтI Уу У̃у̃
Фф Хх ХIхI Хьхь Хъхъ Чч ЧIчI Шш
Щщ Ъъ Ээ Юю Яя

References


  1. Godoberi at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
  2. Godoberi language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. "Ghodoberi". Endangered Languages Project.
  4. Kolga, Margus (2001). The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Tallinn: NGO Red Book.
  5. Kibrik, Aleksandr (1996). Godoberi. Munchen: Lincom.

Further reading



На других языках


- [en] Godoberi language

[fr] Godoberi

Le godoberi (en godoberi: ridu) est une langue caucasienne du groupe avaro-andi de la famille des langues nakho-daghestaniennes. Le godoberi, parlée par environ 2 000 personnes dans le rayon de Botlikh, au Daghestan, n'est pas une langue écrite. Les Godoberis utilisent le russe et l'avar.

[it] Lingua godoberi

La lingua godoberi (.mw-parser-output .Unicode{font-family:TITUS Cyberbit Basic,Code2000,Doulos SIL,Chrysanthi Unicode,Bitstream Cyberbit,Bitstream CyberBase,Bitstream Vera,Thryomanes,Gentium,GentiumAlt,Visual Geez Unicode,Lucida Grande,Arial Unicode MS,Microsoft Sans Serif,Lucida Sans Unicode;font-family:inherit}гъибдилIи мицци) è una lingua caucasica nordorientale appartenente al gruppo avaro-andi.

[ru] Годоберинский язык

Годоберинский язык (годоб. ГъибдилӀи мицци) — язык годоберинцев. Распространён как язык бытового общения в сёлах Годобери и Зибирхали Ботлихского района Дагестана. Число говорящих, по данным переписи 2010 года, составляет 128 человек.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии