lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Khinalug (also spelled Khinalig, Khinalugi, Xinalug(h), Xinaliq or Khinalugh) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 3,000 people in the villages of Khinalug and Gülüstan, Quba in the mountains of Quba Rayon, northern Azerbaijan. It forms its own independent branch within the Northeast Caucasian language family.[2]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Lezghian. (April 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Lezghian Wikipedia article at [[:lez:Хинелугъ чIал]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|lez|Хинелугъ чIал}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Khinalug
каьтш мицI / kätš micʼ
Pronunciation	[kætʃ mit͡sʼ]
Native to	Azerbaijan
Region	Quba
Native speakers	3,000 (2007)[1]
Language family	Northeast Caucasian Khinalug
Writing system	Cyrillic script, Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kjj
Glottolog	khin1240
ELP	Khinalugh
Khinalug (in Azerbaijan)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Khinalug is endangered,[3] and classified as "severely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[4]

History

Khinalug is the language of the village Khinalug in the Quba district of Azerbaijan. It has been tentatively classified by previous researchers as a member of the Lezgian family of the Dagestani branch of Northeast Caucasian languages[5] Although Khinalug is the official language of the village, it is mostly spoken by villagers in informal circumstances, while the national language Azerbaijani is used formally for educational purposes and to communicate with non-Khinalug speakers.[5] Khinalug is considered to be a threatened language. In recent years, the road leading to the villages where it is spoken has fallen into disrepair, leaving the area mostly isolated.[6]

Phonology

A Latin orthography for Khinalug was developed in 2007 by a team of linguists from Moscow State University in collaboration with local school teachers in the village. It is presented in italics on the tables below.

Consonants

Consonants[7][8]

		Labial	Dental	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		[m] m	[n] n
Plosive	voiceless lenis	[p] p	[t] t			[k] k	[q] q		[ʔ] ʔ
	voiceless fortis	[pː] pp	[tː] tt			[kː] kk	[qː] qq
	voiced	[b] b	[d] d			[ɡ] g
	ejective	[pʼ] p'	[tʼ] t'			[kʼ] k'
Affricate	voiceless lenis		[t͡s] c	[t͡ʃ] ç		[k͡x] kx 3	[q͡χ] x̂
	voiceless fortis		[t͡sː] cc	[t͡ʃː] çç
	voiced			[d͡ʒ] j
	ejective		[t͡sʼ] c'	[t͡ʃʼ] ç'			[q͡χʼ] q'
Fricative	voiceless	[f] f	[s] s	[ʃ] ş		[x] kh 2	[χ] x	[ħ] hh 4	[h] h
	voiced	[v] v	[z] z	[ʒ] z̧1		[ɣ] gh 2	[ʁ] ğ	[ʕ] ʕ 4
Trill			[r] r
Approximant			[l] l		[j] y	[w] w

¹ The cedilla in the orthography is in the middle of the bottom of the <z>, as is typical of Russian linguistics.

² Kh and gh are rare.

³ Kx is very rare.

⁴ The pharyngeal sounds mostly appear in Arabic loanwords.

Vowels

[7] Khinalug has nine vowels and four diphthongs.

	Front		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
High	[i] i	[y] ü	[ɯ] ı	[u] u
Mid	[e] e	[ø] ö		[o] o
Low	[æ] ə		[a] a

Diphthongs include: [iu] [ui] [oe] [oa].

Vocabulary

The following words were phonetically transcribed from Khinalug:[9]

Khinalug singular	Khinalug plural	Translation
arhaz	arhazırdır	pen (enclosure for livestock)
c’imir	c’imirdir	sparrow
izin	izindir	gingiva
kırab	kırabırdır	galoshes
mısır	mısırdır	rope
nek’id	nek’idirdir	back
t’uk’un	t’uk’undur	cheek
t’umbol	t’umboldur	prune
ustot	ustoturdur	pepper
ustul	ustuldur	table
dalıg	dalιgιrdιr	work
culoz	culozurdur	tooth
jalkan	jalkandιr	mane
kotuk	kotukurdur	tree stump
mekteb	mektebirdir	school (compare: maktab)
mizer	mizerdir	textile

Note: ı is roughly pronounced as the e in "fallen". u is roughly pronounced as the ou in "coup".

Alphabet

Khinalug Cyrillic alphabet

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37
А	А̃	Аь	Б	В	Г	Гъ	ГӀ	ГӀв	Д	Дж	Дз	Е	Е̃	Ж	З	И	И̃	Й	К	Кв	Кк	Кх	Кхв	Кхкх	Къв	Кь	КьӀ	КӀ	КӀв	Л	Лъ	М	Н	О	О̃	Оь
а	а̃	аь	б	в	г	гъ	гӀ	гӀв	д	дж	дз	е	е̃	ж	з	и	и̃	й	к	кв	кк	кх	кхв	кхкх	къв	кь	кьӀ	кӀ	кӀв	л	лъ	м	н	о	о̃	оь

38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74
П	Пв	ПӀ	Р	С	Т	Тт	ТӀ	ТӀв	ТӀтӀ	У	У̃	Уь	Ф	Х	Хъ	Хъв	Хь	ХӀ	Ӏ	Ӏъ	Ц	Цв	Цц	ЦӀ	ЦӀв	Ч	Чч	ЧӀ	ЧӀв	Ш	Шв	Ъ	Ы	Э	Ә	Ә̃
п	пв	пӀ	р	с	т	тт	тӀ	тӀв	тӀтӀ	у	у̃	уь	ф	х	хъ	хъв	хь	хӀ	Ӏ	Ӏъ	ц	цв	цц	цӀ	цӀв	ч	чч	чӀ	чӀв	ш	шв	ъ	ы	э	ә	ә̃

Khinalug Latin alphabet (2013)[10]

a

b

c

ç

ĉ

ċ

d

e

ə

f

g

ğ

ĝ

h

ĥ

ḣ

x

x̂

ı

i̇

j

k

k̂

k̇

q

q̂

q̇

l

m

n

o

ö

p

p̂

ṗ

r

s

ŝ

ş

t

t̂

ṫ

u

ü

v

y

z

ẑ

ż

See also

• Lists of endangered languages
• List of endangered languages in Asia

References

Further reading

• Clifton, John M.; Deckinga, Gabriela; Lucht, Laura; Mak, Janfer; Tiessen, Calvin, Authors. 2005. "The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Khinalug In Azerbaijan."
• Desheryev, Ju. D. 1959. Grammatika xinalugskogo jazyka. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow.
• Hewitt, George. 2004. Introduction to the Study of the Languages of the Caucasus. LINCOM, Munich. p. 29.
• Kibrik, Aleksandr E. 1972. Fragmenty grammatiki xinalugskogo jazyka. Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moscow.
• Kibrik, Aleksandr E. 1994. "Khinalug". In: The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus, vol. 4; Rieks Smeets (ed.); Caravan Books, Delmar (New York). pp. 367–406.

External links

• Appendix:Cyrillic script
• Khinalug basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
• Khinalug tongue&culture
• New Khinalug alphabet
• Khinalug alphabet Video on YouTube

На других языках

---

[de] Chinalugische Sprache

Das Chinalug(h)ische (Eigenbezeichnung: [ketʃ mitsʼ] oder [kaʕtʃ mitsʼ]) wird von ca. 3.000 Menschen in Aserbaidschan gesprochen, vor allem in den Dörfern Xınalıq (auf dessen Namen die Bezeichnung „Chinalugisch“ zurückgeht) und Gülüstan. Es gehört zu den nordostkaukasischen Sprachen und wird von einigen Forschern der lesgischen Untergruppe dieser Sprachfamilie zugerechnet.

---

- [en] Khinalug language

---

[fr] Khinalug (langue)

Le khinalug (en khinalug kätš micʼ, кетш мицI ou каьтш мицI) est une langue de la famille des langues nakho-daghestaniennes. Il est parlé dans le rayon de Kuba en Azerbaïdjan. Dans les années 1970, le nombre de locuteurs s'élevait à environ 3 000. Le khinalug est une langue peu écrite.

---

[ru] Хиналугский язык

Хиналу́гский язык (хинал. каьтш мицӀ) — язык хиналугцев — малочисленной этнической группы, проживающей на северо-востоке Азербайджана в селе Хыналыг (ранее — Хиналуг; азерб. Xınalıq; самоназвание: Кетш, Ketş) Губинского района.

---

---