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Chamalal (also called Camalal or Chamalin) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 500 ethnic Chamalals. It has three quite distinct dialects, Gadyri, Gakvari, and Gigatl.[2]

Chamalal
чамалалдуб мичӏчӏ (çamalaldub miçʿçʿ)
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionSouthwestern Dagestan[1]
EthnicityChamalal people
Native speakers
500 (2010)[2]
Language family
Northeast Caucasian
  • Avar–Andic
    • Andic
      • Akhvakh–Tindi
        • Karata–Tindi
          • Botlikh–Tindi
            • Chamalal
Language codes
ISO 639-3cji
Glottologcham1309
ELPChamalal

History


Chamalal is spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by indigenous Chamalals since the 8th or 9th century. The ethnic population is approximately 5,000, with around 500 speakers. The language has a 6b (threatened) status.


Geographic distribution


The approximately 500 ethnic speakers live in eight villages in the Tsumadinsky District on the left bank of the Andi-Koisu river in the Dagestan Republic and in the Chechnya Republic. The speakers are mostly Muslim, primarily following Sunni Islam since the 8th or 9th century.


Official status


There are no countries with Chamalal as an official language.


Dialects/Varieties


Chamalal has three distinct dialects: Gadyri (Gachitl-Kvankhi), Gakvari (Agvali-Richaganik-Tsumada-Urukh), and Gigatl (Hihatl). There are also two more dialects: Kwenkhi, Tsumada.


Derived languages


Gigatl (Hihatl) and Chamalal proper (with Gadyri, Gakvari, Tsumada and Kwenkhi dialects) are considered to be sublanguages.


Writing System


Chamalal is an unwritten language. Avar and Russian are used in school, and Avar is also used for literary purposes.


Bibliography



References



Further reading




На других языках


- [en] Chamalal language

[fr] Chamalal

Le chamalal est une langue caucasienne du groupe des langues avaro-andi, de la famille des langues nakho-daghestaniennes parlée dans les rayons de Tsumada, au Daghestan et de Khvanki, en Tchétchénie. La langue, qui était parlée par environ 7 000 personnes en 1979, n'est pas écrite.

[ru] Чамалинский язык

Чамали́нский язы́к — язык чамалинцев (чамалалов), один из небольших кавказских языков, принадлежащий к андийской подгруппе нахско-дагестанской языковой семьи. Наиболее близкими ему являются годоберинский, тиндинский, багвалинский языки.



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