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Adyghe (/ˈædɪɡeɪ/ or /ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪ/;[2] Adyghe: Адыгабзэ, romanized: Adygabzə, [aːdɘɣaːbzɜ]), also known as West Circassian (Adyghe: кӏахыбзэ, romanized: khaxybzə), is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the western subgroups of Circassians.[3] It is spoken mainly in Russia, as well as in Turkey, Jordan, Syria and Israel, where they settled after the Circassian genocide. It is closely related to the Kabardian (East Circassian) language, though some reject the distinction between the two languages in favor of both being dialects of a unitary Circassian language.

This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (May 2022)

Adyghe
West Circassian
Адыгабзэ
Native to	Adygea Krasnodar Krai
Ethnicity	Circassians
Native speakers	300,000 (2015)[1]
Language family	Northwest Caucasian Circassian Adyghe
Early forms	Proto-Northwest Caucasian Proto-Circassian
Dialects	Abdzakh Bzhedug Hatuqwai Mamkhegh Natukhaj Shapsug Temirgoy (Standard dialect) Yegeruqwai Hakuchi Zhaney
Writing system	Cyrillic Latin Arabic
Official status
Official language in	Russia  Adygea
Language codes
ISO 639-2	ady
ISO 639-3	ady
Glottolog	adyg1241
Distribution of the Adyghe language in Adygea, Russia (2002)
Total percentage of the population speaking Adyghe or Kabardian language in Turkey (1965)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

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The literary language is based on the Temirgoy dialect. Adyghe and Russian are the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation.

There are around 128,000 speakers of Adyghe in Russia, almost all of them native speakers. In total, some 300,000 speak it worldwide. The largest Adyghe-speaking community is in Turkey, spoken by the diaspora from the Russian–Circassian War (c. 1763–1864). In addition, the Adyghe language is spoken by the Cherkesogai in Krasnodar Krai.

Adyghe belongs to the family of Northwest Caucasian languages. Kabardian (also known as East Circassian) is a very close relative, treated by some as a dialect of Adyghe or of an overarching Circassian language. Ubykh, Abkhaz and Abaza are somewhat more distantly related to Adyghe.

Dialects

• The Black Sea coast dialects:
  • Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ)
    • North Shapsugs, Great Shapsugs, Kuban Shapsugs (Шапсыгъэ шху) dialect
      • Kfar Kama dialect (Кфар Камэм ишапсыгъэбзэ)
    • Temirgoy-Shapsugs, Pseuşko accent (Кӏэмгуе-шапсыгъ)
    • South Shapsugs, Small Shapsugs, Coastal Shapsugs, Black Sea Shapsugs (Шапсыгъэ-цӏыкӏу) dialect
    • Hakuchi dialect (Хьакӏуцубзэ, Къарацхаибзэ)
  • Natukhai dialect (Adyghe: Нэтӏхъуаджэбзэ)
  • Zhaney dialect
• The Kuban River dialects:
  • Bzhedug dialect (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъубзэ): spoken by Circassians in the Republic of Adygea and the Biga district of the city of Çanakkale in Turkey
  • Temirgoy (Adyghe: Кӏэмыгуябзэ, Кӏэмгуибзэ): literary standard of Adyghe. Also spoken by Circassians in the Republic of Adygea
  • Abzakh dialect (Adyghe: Aбдзэхабзэ): spoken by Circassians in the village of Rehaniya in Israel and Circassians in Syria from the Golan Heights
  • Mamkhegh dialect
  • Yegeruqay dialect
  • Hatuqwai dialect
  • Mequash dialect

Phonology

Adyghe exhibits a large number of consonants: between 50 and 60 consonants in the various Adyghe dialects. All dialects possess a contrast between plain and labialized glottal stops. A very unusual minimal contrast, and possibly unique to the Abzakh dialect of Adyghe, is a three-way contrast between plain, labialized and palatalized glottal stops (although a palatalized glottal stop is also found in Hausa and a labialized one is found in Tlingit). The Black Sea dialect of Adyghe contains a very uncommon sound: a bidental fricative [h̪͆], which corresponds to the voiceless velar fricative [x] found in other varieties of Adyghe.

		Labial		Alveolar			Post-alveolar		Alveolo- palatal	Retroflex	Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal	Glottal
		plain	lab.	plain	lab.	lat.	plain	lab.			plain	lab.	plain	lab.		plain	lab.
Nasal		m	mʷ	n
Plosive	voiceless	p		t							k1	kʷ	q	qʷ		ʔ	ʔʷ
	voiced	b		d							ɡ1	ɡʷ
	ejective	pʼ	pʷʼ	tʼ	tʷʼ						kʼ	kʷʼ
Affricate	voiceless			t͡s	t͡sʷ		t͡ʃ			t͡ʂ
	voiced			d͡z	d͡zʷ		d͡ʒ
	ejective			t͡sʼ			t͡ʃʼ			t͡ʂʼ
Fricative	voiceless	f		s		ɬ	ʃ	ʃʷ	ɕ	ʂ	x	xʷ	χ	χʷ	ħ
	voiced	v1		z		ɮ	ʒ	ʒʷ	ʑ	ʐ	ɣ		ʁ	ʁʷ
	ejective					ɬʼ	ʃʼ	ʃʷʼ
Approximant		w							j			w
Trill				r

1. Consonants that exist only in borrowed words.
2. Note: Adyghe has many consonants that appear in dialects, and has a complex system of consonant allophony. More information on those can be found at Adyghe phonology.

In contrast to its large consonant inventory, Adyghe has only three phonemic vowels in a vertical vowel system.[4]

	Central
Close-mid	ə
Open-mid	ɐ
Open	aː

Grammar

Adyghe, like all Northwest Caucasian languages, has a basic agent–object–verb typology and is characterised by an ergative construction of the sentence.

Orthography

The official alphabet for Adyghe is the Cyrillic script, which has been used since 1936. Before that, the Arabic script was used. In recent years, a new Latin script has been devised^{[by whom?]} that seeks to include phonemes from all the Adyghe and Kabardian dialects, as well as other North Caucasian languages.^{[citation needed]}

Cyrillic	Transliteration[5]	IPA	Pronunciation	Examples
А а	A a	[aː]		ачъэ (goat), апчъы (they count)
Б б	B b	[b]		баджэ (fox), бэ (a lot)
В в	V v	[v]
Г г	G g	[ɣ]		гыны (powder), чъыгы (tree)
Гу гу	Gu gu	[ɡʷ]		гу (heart), гущыӏ (word)
Гъ гъ	Ġ ġ	[ʁ]		гъатхэ (spring), гъэмаф (summer)
Гъу гъу	Ġu ġu	[ʁʷ]		гъунэгъу (neighbour), гъунджэ (mirror)
Д д	D d	[d]		дыджы (bitter), дахэ (pretty)
Дж дж	Dž dž	[d͡ʒ]		джан (shirt), лъэмыдж (bridge)
Дз дз	Dz dz	[d͡z]		дзыо (bag), дзын (to throw)
Дзу дзу	Dzu dzu	[d͡zʷ]		хьандзу (rick), хьандзуачӏ (lower rick)
Е е	E e	[ɜj] [jɜ]		ешэн (to catch), еплъын (to look at)
(Ё ё)[lower-alpha 1]	(Jo jo)	[jo]		ёлк (Christmas tree)
Ж ж	Ž ž	[ʒ]		жэ (mouth), жакӏэ (beard)
Жъ жъ	Ẑ ẑ	[ʐ]		жъы (old), жъажъэ (slow)
Жъу жъу	Ẑu ẑu	[ʒʷ]		жъун (to melt), жъуагъо (star)
Жь жь	Ź ź	[ʑ]		жьыбгъэ (wind), жьао (shadow)
З з	Z z	[z]		занкӏэ (straight), зандэ (steep)
И и	I i	[ɘj] [jɘ]		ихьан (to enter), икӏыпӏ (exit)
Й й	J j	[j]		йод (iodine), бай (rich)
К к[lower-alpha 1]	K k	[k]		кнопк (button), команд (team, command)
Ку ку	Ku ku	[kʷ]		кушъэ (cradle), ку (cart)
Къ къ	Q q	[q]		къалэ (city), къэкӏон (to come)
Къу къу	Qu qu	[qʷ]		къухьэ (ship), къушъхьэ (mountain)
Кӏ кӏ	Kh kh	[kʼ] [tʃʼ]		кӏымаф (winter), кӏыхьэ (long), кӏэ (tail), шкӏэ (calf)
Кӏу кӏу	Khu khu	[kʷʼ]		кӏон (to walk), кӏуакӏэ (strong)
Л л	L l	[l]		лагъэ (painted), лы (meat)
Лъ лъ	Tl tl	[ɬ]		лъэбэкъу (step), лъащэ (lame)
Лӏ лӏ	Lh lh	[ɬʼ]		лӏы (man), лӏыгъэ (bravery)
М м	M m	[m]		мазэ (moon), мэлы (sheep)
Н н	N n	[n]		нэ (eye), ны (mother)
О о	O o	[ɜw] [wɜ]		мощ (that), коны (bin), о (you), осы (snow), ощхы (rain)
П п	P p	[p]		пэ (nose), сапэ (dust)
Пӏ пӏ	Ph ph	[pʼ]		пӏэ (bed), пӏэшъхьагъ (pillow)
Пӏу пӏу	Phu phu	[pʷʼ]		пӏун (to rise; to adopt), пӏур (pupil; apprentice)
Р р	R r	[r]		рикӏэн (to pour), риӏон (TRANS. to tell)
С с	S s	[s]		сэ (I, me), сэшхо (sabre)
Т т	T t	[t]		тэтэжъ (grandfather), тэ (we, us)
Тӏ тӏ	Th th	[tʼ]		тӏы (ram), ятӏэ (dirt)
Тӏу тӏу	Thu thu	[tʷʼ]		тӏурыс (old), тӏурытӏу (pair)
У у	U u	[ɘw] [wɘ]		ушхун (to straighten), убэн (to tamp; to smoothen)
Ф ф	F f	[f]		фыжьы (white), фэен (to want)
Х х	X x	[x]		хы (sea; six), хасэ (council)
Хъ хъ	Ẋ ẋ	[χ]		хъыен (to move), пхъэн (to sow)
Хъу хъу	Ẋu ẋu	[χʷ]		хъун (to happen), хъурай (circle)
Хь хь	Ḥ ḥ	[ħ]		хьэ (dog), хьаку (oven)
Ц ц	C c	[t͡s]		цагэ (rib), цы (body hair)
Цу цу	Cu cu	[t͡sʷ]		цуакъэ (shoe), цу (ox)
Цӏ цӏ	Ch ch	[t͡sʼ]		цӏынэ (wet), цӏыфы (person)
Ч ч	Č č	[t͡ʃ]		чэфы (cheerful), чэты (chicken)
Чӏ чӏ	Čh čh	[t͡ʂʼ]		чӏыпӏэ (area), чӏыфэ (debt)
Чъ чъ	Ĉ ĉ	[t͡ʂ]		чъыгай (oak), чъыӏэ (cold)
Ш ш	Š š	[ʃ]		шы (brother), шыблэ (thunder)
Шъ шъ	Ŝ ŝ	[ʂ]		шъэ (hundred), шъабэ (soft)
Шъу шъу	Ŝu ŝu	[ʃʷ]		шъугъуалэ (envious), шъукъакӏу (PL. to come)
Шӏ шӏ	Šh šh	[ʃʼ]		шӏын (to do), шӏэныгъ (knowledge)
Шӏу шӏу	Šhu Šhu	[ʃʷʼ]		шӏуцӏэ (black), шӏуфэс (greetings)
Щ щ	Ś ś	[ɕ]		щагу (yard), щатэ (sour cream)
(Ъ ъ)	-	-
Ы ы	Y y	[ɘ]		ыкӏи (and also), зы (one)
(Ь ь)	-	-
Э э	Ə ə	[ɜ]		ӏэтаж (floor), нэнэжъ (grandmother)
Ю ю	Ju ju	[ju]		Юсыф (Joseph), Юныс (Jonah)
Я я	Ja ja	[jaː]		яй (theirs), ябгэ (evil)
Ӏ ӏ	H h	[ʔ]		ӏэ (hand), кӏасэ (like)
Ӏу ӏу	Hw hw	[ʔʷ]		ӏукӏэн (to meet), ӏусын (to be near sitting), ӏудан (thread)

• There are thirteen labialised consonants; however, in some dialects, there are three additional ones: Кхъу [q͡χʷ], Ху [xʷ], Чъу [t͡ɕʷ].

Orthography rules

• The letter ⟨ы⟩ [ə] is not written after a ⟨у⟩ [w], ⟨й⟩ [j] or a labialised consonant. For example: унэ [wənɐ] "house" instead of уынэ, илъэс [jəɬɐs] "year" instead of йылъэс, шӏу [ʃʷʼə] "well" instead of шӏуы, цумпэ [t͡sʷəmpɐ] "strawberry" instead of цуымпэ.
• In case the letter ⟨у⟩ is the first letter of a word or when it is not related to any other consonant, it is pronounced as [wə] ⟨уы⟩. For example: унэ instead of уынэ, урыс [wərəs] "Russian" instead of уырыс, куу [kʷəwə] "deep" instead of кууы. When it is related to a consonant, it becomes a vowel and pronounced as [əw~u] ⟨ыу⟩. For example: чэту [t͡ʃɐtəw] "cat" instead of чэтыу, бзу [bzəw] "bird" instead of бзыу, дунай [dəwnaːj] "world" instead of дыуней.
• In case a labialised consonant is followed by a vowel ⟨э⟩ [ɐ], instead of the letter ⟨у⟩ there is a ⟨о⟩. For example: гъогу [ʁʷɐɡʷ] "road" instead of гъуэгу, машӏо [maːʃʷʼɐ] "fire" instead of машӏуэ, шъо [ʃʷɐ] "you (pl.)" instead of шъуэ.
• In case a labialised consonant is followed by a vowel ⟨а⟩ [aː] or ⟨и⟩ [əj~i], the labialised consonant letter is written fully. For example: цуакъэ [t͡sʷaːqɐ] "shoes", гуащэ [ɡʷaɕɐ] "princes", шъуи [ʃʷəj] "yours" (pl.).
• In case the letter ⟨о⟩ is the first letter of a word or when it is not related to any other consonant, it is pronounced as [wɐ] ⟨уэ⟩. For example, о [wɐ] "you" instead of уэ, орэд [wɐrɐd] "song" instead of уэрэд, онтэгъу [wɐntɐʁʷ] "heavy" instead of уэнтэгъу, зао [zaːwɐ] "war" instead of зауэ, ныо [nəwɐ] "old lady" instead of ныуэ.
• In case the letter ⟨е⟩ is the first letter of a word or when it is not related to any other consonant, it is pronounced as [jɐ] ⟨йэ⟩. For example: еӏо [jɐʔʷɐ] "he says" instead of йэӏо, еплъы [jɐpɬə] "he sees" instead of йэплъы, мые [məjɐ] "apple" instead of мыйэ, бае [baːjɐ] "rich" instead of байэ, шъэжъые [ʂɐʐəjɐ] "knife" instead of шъэжъыйэ. When it's related to a consonant, it becomes a vowel and pronounced as [ɐj~e] ⟨эй⟩. For example: делэ [dɐjlɐ] "fool" instead of дэйлэ, къедж [qɐjd͡ʒ] "read" instead of къэйдж, непэ [nɐjpɐ] "today" instead of нэйпэ.
• In case the letter ⟨и⟩ is the first letter of a word or when is not related to any other consonant, it is pronounced as [jə] ⟨йы⟩. For example: илъэс [jəɬɐs] "year" instead of йылъэс, иунэ [jəwənɐ] "his house" instead of йыуын, шӏои [ʃʷʼɐjə] "dirty" instead of шӏойы, дэи [dɐjə] "bad" instead of дэйы. When it's related to a consonant, it becomes a vowel and pronounced as [əj~i] ⟨ый⟩. For example: сиӏ [səjʔ] "I have" instead of сыйӏ, уиунэ [wəjwənɐ] "your house" instead of уыйуынэ, къины [qəjnə] "hard" instead of къыйны.

Vowels

The vowels are written ⟨ы⟩ [ə], ⟨э⟩ [ɐ] and ⟨а⟩ [aː]. Other letters represent diphthongs: ⟨я⟩ represents [jaː], ⟨и⟩ [jə] or [əj], ⟨о⟩ [wɐ] or [ɐw], ⟨у⟩ represent [wə] or [əw], and ⟨е⟩ represents [jɐ] or [ɐj].

Other writing systems

The language of Adyghe is officially written in the Cyrillic script but is also unofficially written in the Latin script, in a version of the Arabic script before 1927, and then a version of the Latin alphabet implemented by the Soviet Union until 1938.

• 
  Adyghe Arabic alphabet used before 1927
• 
  Adyghe Latin alphabet used from 1927 to 1938
• 
  Adyghe Latin alphabet used from 1927 to 1938
• 
  Adyghe Latin and Adyghe Cyrillic alphabets compared
• 
  Adyghe Latin alphabet letters
• 
  Adyghe Arabic alphabet letters

Examples of literary Adyghe

Native vocabulary

Cyrillic	Transliteration	IPA[tone?]	Translation
сэ	sə	[sɐ]	I
пшъашъэ	pŝaŝə	[p͡ʂaːʂɐ]	girl
тӏыс	thys	[tʼəs]	to sit
тэдж	tədž	[tɐd͡ʒ]	to stand
Тэу ущыт?	Təu uśyt?	[tɐw‿wəʃət]	How are you?
Сышӏу.	Syšhu.	[səʃʷʼ]	I'm fine.
шы	šy	[ʃə]	horse
щы	śy	[ɕə]	three
жъуагъо	ẑuaġo	[ʐʷaːʁʷɐ]	star
тыгъэ	tyġə	[təʁɐ]	sun
мазэ	mazə	[maːzɐ]	moon
цуакъэ	cuaqə	[t͡sʷaːqɐ]	shoe
шъукъеблагъ	ŝuqeblaġ	[ʂʷəqɐjblaːʁ]	welcome
лъэхъуамбэ	tləẋuambə	[ɬɐχʷaːmbɐ]	toe
хьамлыу	ḥamlyu	[ħaːmləw]	worm
кӏэнкӏэ	khənkhə	[kʼɐŋkʼɐ]	egg
хьампӏырашъу	ḥamphyraŝu	[ħaːmpʼəraːʂʷ]	butterfly
мэшӏоку	məšhoku	[mɐʃʼʷɐkʷ]	train
пхъэтӏэкӏу	pẋəthəkhu	[p͡χɐtʼɐkʼʷ]	chair
тхьалъыкӏо	tḥatlykho	[t͡ħaːɬəkʼʷɐ]	prophet
къамзэгу	qamzəgu	[qaːmzɐɡʷ]	ant
псычэт	psyčət	[p͡sət͡ʃɐt]	duck

Loanwords

Cyrillic	Latin	Pronunciation	Translation	Origin
республикэ	respublikə	[rʲespublʲikɐ]	republic	Russian республика, from Latin rēs pūblica (public concern)
компутер	komputer	[komputʲer]	computer	Russian компьютер, from Latin com putāre (to settle together)
математикэ	matematikə	[maːtʲemaːtʲikɐ]	математика	Russian математика, from Ancient Greek "μάθημα" máthēma (study, knowledge)
спорт	sport	[sport]	sports	Russian спорт, from English sport
быракъ	byraq	[bəraːq]	flag	Turkic batrak (spear, stick)
къартӏоф	qarthof	[qaːrtʼʷɐf]	potato	Russian картофель, from German Kartoffel (potato)
томат	tomat	[tomaːt]	tomato	Russian томат, from Spanish tomate, from Nahuan tomatl
орэндж	orəndž	[wɐrɐnd͡ʒ]	orange	Persian نارنگ nârang or نارنج nâranj
нэмаз	nəmaz	[nɐmaːz]	salah (Islamic praying)	Persian نماز namâz
къалэ	qalə	[qaːlɐ]	city	Akkadian kalakku (fort)
дунай	dynaj	[dəwnaːj]	earth	Arabic دنيا dunyā (world)

Adyghe outside Circassia

Adyghe is taught outside Circassia in a Jordanian school for the Jordanian Adyghes, Prince Hamza Ibn Al-Hussein Secondary School in the capital Amman. This school, which was established by the Adyghe Jordanians with support from the late king Hussein of Jordan, is one of the first schools for the Adyghe communities outside Circassia. It has around 750 Jordanian Adyghe students, and one of its major goals is to preserve Adyghe among newer Adyghe generations, while also emphasising the traditions of the Adyghes.[6]

Adyghe is spoken by Circassians in Iraq and by Circassians in Israel, where it is taught in schools in their villages. It is also spoken by many Circassians in Syria, although the majority of Syrian Circassians speak Kabardian.

Publications

There are many books written in or translated into Adyghe. An Adyghe translation of the Quran by Ishak Mashbash is available. The New Testament and many books of the Old Testament have been published in Adyghe by the Institute for Bible Translation in Moscow.

UNESCO 2009 map of endangered languages

According to the UNESCO 2009 map entitled "UNESCO Map of the World's Languages in Danger", the status of the Adyghe language in 2009, along with all its dialects (Adyghe, Western Circassian tribes) and (Kabard-Cherkess, Eastern Circassian tribes), is classified as vulnerable.[7]

Sample text

John 1:1 in Adyghe	Transliteration	English translation
Ублапӏэм ыдэжь Гущыӏэр щыӏагъ. Ар Тхьэм ыдэжь щыӏагъ, а Гущыӏэри Тхьэу арыгъэ. Ублапӏэм щегъэжьагъэу а Гущыӏэр Тхьэм ыдэжь щыӏагъ. Тхьэм а Гущыӏэм зэкӏэри къыригъэгъэхъугъ. Тхьэм къыгъэхъугъэ пстэуми ащыщэу а Гущыӏэм къыримыгъгъэхъугъэ зи щыӏэп. Мыкӏодыжьын щыӏэныгъэ а Гущыӏэм хэлъыгъ, а щыӏэныгъэри цӏыфхэм нэфынэ афэхъугъ. Нэфынэр шӏункӏыгъэм щэнэфы, шӏункӏыгъэри нэфынэм текӏуагъэп.	Ublaphəm ydəź Guśyhər śyhaġ. Ar Tḥəm ydəź śyhaġ, a Guśyhəri Tḥəu aryġə. Ublaphəm śeġəźaġəu a Guśyhər Tḥəm ydəź śyhaġ. Tḥəm a Guśyhər zəkhəri qyriġəġəẋuġ. Tḥəm qyġəẋuġə pstəumi aśyśəu a Guśyhəm qyrimyġġəxhuġə zi śyhəp. Mykhodyźyn śyhənyġə a Guśyhəm xətlyġ, a śyhənyġəri chyfxəm nəfynə afəẋuġ. Nəfynər šhunkhyġəm śənəfy, šhunkhyġəri nəfunəm tekhuaġəp.	In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was a god. This one was in the beginning With God. All things came into existence through him, and apart from him not even one thing came into existence. What has come into existence by means of him was life, and the life was the light of men. And the light is shining in the darkness, but the darkness has not overpowered it.

See also

• Adyghe Maq, the main Adyghe-language newspaper

Notes

References

External links

• Grammar of the Circassian Language. Useful site to learn the Adyghe grammar.
• Louis Loewe (1854). A dictionary of the Circassian language, English-Circassian-Turkish. George Bell.
• Adyghe alphabet, Omniglot.
• "Adyghe transliteration schemes" (PDF)..
• Adyghe sample, Language Museum.
• Learning Adyghe resource.
• Learn Circassian, International Centre for Circassian Studies (ICCS).
• Rferl North Caucasus Radio.
• Adyghe transliteration tool.
• Ancient Adyghe Abkhaz–Abaza Ubykh alphabet.
• How to count in Adyghe language.
• Adyghe language dictionary.
• Recordings of Adyghe language

На других языках

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[de] Adygeische Sprache

Adygeisch (Eigenbezeichnung адыгабзэ [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}adəgabză], „-bze“ bedeutet „Sprache“), deutsch auch Adygejisch, seltener Adygisch, auch West-Tscherkessisch, ist neben Russisch Amtssprache der autonomen Republik Adygeja in der Russischen Föderation. Sie wird von verschiedenen Tscherkessen-Stämmen in Adygeja als Schriftsprache verwendet: den Schapsugh, den Bsedugh, den Absech, den Temirgoj, den Hakutschi, den Kabardinern in Adygeja (nicht in Kabardino-Balkarien und Karatschai-Tscherkessien) u. a. Sie wurde aus dem Dialekt des Stammes der Temirgojer gebildet.

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- [en] Adyghe language

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[es] Idioma adigué

El idioma adigué (адыгабзэ adygabze, adəgăbză) pertenece a la familia de las lenguas caucásicas noroccidentales. Es hablado por los adigueses en Adigueya (Rusia), Turquía, Irak y Jordania.

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[fr] Adyguéen (langue)

Le circassien (адыгэбзэ, adygebze, adəgăbză ; en russe адыгейский язык) est une langue caucasienne, de la famille des langues abkhazo-adygiennes et l'une des deux langues officielles de la République d'Adyguée, appartenant à la Fédération de Russie (l'autre langue officielle étant le russe). Le terme tcherkesse est utilisé par les Russes et les étrangers tandis que Adyghé est le nom générique que les tribus du nord du Caucase se donnent à elles-mêmes et à leur langue.

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[it] Lingua adighè

La lingua adighè (кӏах Адыгабзэ, č̣ʹax Adəgabză), anche nota come circasso occidentale, è una lingua caucasica nordoccidentale parlata in Russia, nella repubblica di Adighezia, e in Turchia.

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[ru] Адыгейский язык

Адыге́йский язы́к (также нижнечеркесский, западночеркесский, западноадыгский) — язык адыгейцев, входящий в абхазо-адыгскую семью.

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