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The Rumsen language (also known as Rumsien, San Carlos Costanoan and Carmeleno) is one of eight Ohlone languages, historically spoken by the Rumsen people of Northern California. The Rumsen language was spoken from the Pajaro River to Point Sur, and on the lower courses of the Pajaro, as well as on the Salinas and Carmel Rivers, and the region of the present-day cities of Salinas, Monterey and Carmel.

Rumsen
San Carlos
Native to	United States
Region	California
Ethnicity	Rumsen people
Extinct	1939, with the death of Isabel Meadows[1]
Language family	Yok-Utian Utian Costanoan Southern Rumsen
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(included in css)
Glottolog	rums1243

History

One of eight languages within the Ohlone branch of the Utian family, it became one of two important native languages spoken at the Mission San Carlos Borroméo de Carmelo founded in 1770, the other being the Esselen language.

The last fluent speaker of Rumsen was Isabel Meadows,[1] who died in 1939. The Bureau of American Ethnology linguist John Peabody Harrington conducted very extensive fieldwork with Meadows in the last several years of her life. These notes, still mostly unpublished, now constitute the foundation for current linguistic research and revitalization efforts on the Rumsen language.[1] The Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe has been in the process of reestablishing their language. They have begun efforts to teach their tribal members Rumsen and are working to complete a revised English - Rumsen Dictionary. The Rumsen website can be found at www.costanoanrumsen.org.

Rumsen-speaking tribes

Dialects of the Rumsen language were spoken by four independent local tribes, including the Rumsen themselves, the Ensen of the Salinas vicinity, the Calendaruc of the central shoreline of Monterey Bay, and the Sargentaruc of the Big Sur Coast. The territory of the language group was bordered by Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Awaswas Ohlone to the north, the Mutsun Ohlone to the east, the Chalon Ohlone on the south east, and the Esselen to the south.[2]

Phonology

Consonant phonemes[3]

	Labial	Dental	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩
Plosive	p ⟨p⟩	t ⟨t⟩	ʈ ⟨ṭ⟩		k ⟨k⟩	ʔ
Affricate		ts ⟨ts⟩		t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩
Fricative		s ⟨s⟩	ʂ ⟨ṣ⟩	ʃ ⟨š⟩	x ⟨x⟩
Approximant	w ⟨w⟩	l ⟨l⟩		j ⟨y⟩
Tap		ɾ ⟨r⟩
Trill		r ⟨rr⟩

Vowel phonemes[3]

	Front	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩	u ⟨u⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩	o ⟨o⟩
Open		ɑ ⟨a⟩

See also

• Ohlone tribes and villages in the Monterey Bay Area
• Abalone

Notes

References

External links

• Costanoan Rumsen Chino Tribe
• Ohlone Costanoan Esselen Nation Tribal Website
• "Rumsen / Southern Ohlone sound recordings". Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2012-07-20.
• Spanish-Rumsen-Esselen Glossary, 1802

На других языках

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- [en] Rumsen language

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[fr] Rumsen

Le rumsen (ou coastanoan de Monterey) est une langue costanoane de la branche des langues costanoanes du Sud parlée aux États-Unis, en Californie, le long des côtes de la baie de Monterey, entre Monterey et Big Sur et dans la basse vallée de la rivière Salinas[2].

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[ru] Румсен (язык)

Румсен (Rumsen, Rumsien, San Carlos) — мёртвый язык костаноанской ветви утийской языковой семьи, использовался племенем румсен[en], проживающим от течения реки Пахаро до региона Биг-Сур и на нижних течениях Пахаро, а также на реках Салинас[en] и Кармел[en], в окрестностях современных городов Кармел-бай-те-Си, Монтерей и Салинас на севере Калифорнии, в США.

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