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Sahaptian (also Sahaptianic, Sahaptin, Shahaptian) is a two-language branch of the Plateau Penutian family spoken by Native American peoples in the Columbia Plateau region of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho in the northwestern United States.

Sahaptian
Sħaptian
Geographic distribution	Pacific Northwest
Linguistic classification	Plateau Penutian Sahaptian
Subdivisions	Nez Perce Sahaptin
Glottolog	saha1239

The terms Sahaptian (the family) and Sahaptin (the language) have often been confused and used interchangeably in the literature.

Family division

Sahaptian includes two languages:

1. Nez Perce (Niimiʼipuutímt)

2. Sahaptin (Sħáptənəxw)

Nez Perce has two principle dialects, Upper and Lower. Sahaptin has somewhat greater internal diversity, with its main dialects being Umatilla and Yakima.

Nodel Rude's (2012) classification of Sahaptian is as follows.[1]

• Proto-Sahaptian
  • Nez Perce
  • Sahaptin
    • Columbia River dialect
    • Northern dialect
      • Northwest dialect
      • Northeast dialect

Proto-language

Proto-Sahaptian
Reconstruction of	Sahaptian languages

Work on Proto-Sahaptian reconstruction has been undertaken by Noel Rude (2006,[2] 2012[1]).

Proto-Sahaptian consonants:[1]^: 306

		Bilabial	Alveolar			Post- alveolar	Velar		Uvular		Glottal
			plain	lateral	central		plain	labialized	plain	labialized
Stop/Affricate		p	t	ƛ	c	č	k	kʷ	q	qʷ	ʔ
Ejective		p̓	t̓	ƛ̓	c̓	č	k̓	k̓ʷ	q̓	q̓ʷ
Fricative				ł	s	š	x	xʷ	x̣	x̣ʷ	h
Sonorant	plain	m	n	l		y		w
	glottalized	m̓	n̓	l̓		y̓		w̓

Proto-Sahaptian vowels:[1]^: 293

	front	central	back
high	i	ɨ	u
mid			o
low	æ		ɑ

Bibliography

• Aoki, Haruo (1963). On Sahaptian-Klamath Linguistic Affiliations. International Journal of American Linguistics 29, no. 2: 107–112.
• Aoki, Haruo (1966). Nez Percé vowel harmony and proto-Sahaptian vowels. Language, 42, 759-767.
• Aoki, Haruo (1970). Nez Percé grammar. University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 62). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-09259-7.
• Mithun, Marianne (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Rigsby, Bruce (1965). Continuity and change in Sahaptian vowel systems. International Journal of American Linguistics, 31, 306-311.
• Rigsby, Bruce; & Silverstein, Michael (1969). Nez Percé vowels and proto-Sahaptian vowel harmony. Language, 45, 45-59.
• Rude, Noel. (2012). Reconstructing Proto-Sahaptian Sounds. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 32, pp. 292–324. Papers for the Forty-seventh International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Languages, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada, August 3–5, 2012, edited by Joel Dunham, John Lyon & Natalie Weber.

References

На других языках

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- [en] Sahaptian languages

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[es] Lenguas sahaptianas

Las lenguas sahaptianas son un subgrupo de lenguas penutíes habladas en la región de la meseta del Columbia por los pueblos amerindios norteamericanos en los estados de Washington, Oregón, e Idaho, en el noroeste de los EE. UU.

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[fr] Langues sahaptiennes

Les langues sahaptiennes sont une petite famille de langues amérindiennes parlées dans le nord-ouest des États-Unis.

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