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The Coosan (also Coos or Kusan) language family consists of two languages spoken along the southern Oregon coast. Both languages are now extinct.

Coosan
Kusan
EthnicityCoos people
Geographic
distribution		Oregon
Linguistic classificationCoast Oregon Penutian ?
  • Coosan
Subdivisions
Glottologcoos1248
Pre-contact distribution of Coosan languages in Oregon

Classification


Melville Jacobs (1939) says that the languages are as close as Dutch and German. They share more than half of their vocabulary, though this is not always obvious, and grammatical differences cause the two languages to look quite different.

The origin of the name Coos is uncertain: one idea is that it is derived from a Hanis stem gus- meaning 'south' as in gusimídži·č 'southward'; another idea is that it is derived from a southwestern Oregon Athabaskan word ku·s meaning 'bay'.

Frachtenburg was the first major ethnolinguist to address the relatedness of these languages, saying that Hanis and Miluk were dialects of the same "Kusan" language.[1] Melville Jacobs also said that they were two dialects of the same languages; though he did note that Mrs. Annie Miner Peterson said they were in fact distinct languages and that Miluk had two dialects.[2] In 1916 Edward Sapir suggested that the Coosan languages are part of a larger Oregon Penutian genetic grouping. This analysis has been accepted by some.[3]

However, more recent work has placed Hanis and Miluk as both separate languages and part of their own language family,[4] with Douglas-Tavani doing a comparative reconstruction of Proto-Coosan's phonemes and vocabulary [5]



Phonology



Vowels


SHORT/i//e//a//u//ə/
LONG/i•//e•//a•//u•//-/

Diphthongs


/ai//a*/
/e*//o*/

Three Series of Stops


Aspirated/p/, /t/, /c/, /ĉ/, /k/, /kw/, /q/, /ʔ/
Optionally Voiced/b/, /d/, /ɜ/, /g/, /gw/, /ɢ/
Ejectives/pʼ/, /tʼ/, /cʼ/, /kʼ/, /kwʼ/, /qʼ/

Consonants[clarification needed]


Labial Coronal DorsalGlottal
plain lateral affricate plain labial
Occlusive voice b d d g gw
voiceless p t ts tc k kw
ejective p' t' ts' tc'k' kw'
Continuant voice m n l j
voiceless s ɬ cx wh

Key


[6][7]

  1. Frachtenburg (1914:305)
  2. Jacobs (1940:4)
  3. Delancey and Golla (1997:181)
  4. Mithun (1999:72)
  5. Douglas-Tavani (2021)
  6. Mithum, Marianne (1999). The Languages of Native North America. The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. pp. 396–397.
  7. Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. Edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, Cambridge University Press, 2001.





На других языках

- [en] Coosan languages

[es] Lenguas kusanas

La familia de lenguas kusanas (también llamadas Coos) consta de dos lenguas habladas en la costa sur de Oregón, Estados Unidos. Actualmente, ambas lenguas están extinguidas.

[fr] Langues coos

Les langues coos (ou coosan ou kusan) est une famille de langues amérindiennes qui étaient parlées le long de la côte pacifique méridionale de l'Oregon. Elles sont aujourd'hui éteintes. Les langues coos ont été incluses dans l'hypothèse du pénutien à l'intérieur d'un sous-groupe des langues pénutiennes de la côte de l'Oregon, avec les langues alséanes et le siuslaw.

[ru] Кусские языки

Кусские или кусанские языки, англ. Coosan languages — исчезнувшая семья индейских языков Северной Америки, состоявшая из 2 языков. Была распространена вдоль южного побережья Орегона.


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