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The Tirio languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Tirio languages have about 40% of their lexicon in common.

Tirio
Lower Fly River
Geographic
distribution
New Guinea
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Glottologtiri1259
Map: The Tirio languages of New Guinea
  The Tirio languages
  Other Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

Languages


Evans (2018) lists the Tirio languages as:[2]

Baramu is somewhat more divergent in vocabulary, but this may reflect language contact rather than divergence in its position within the family. Pronouns are only available for Tirio itself (Makayam).

The moribund language Abom was once classified as a divergent Tirio language, sharing only an eighth of its lexicon with the others, but it turns out to not belong to the family at all, nor to the Anim family that Tirio is a branch of.[3]

A survey of the Tirio languages can be found in Jore and Alemán (2002).[4]


Phonemes


Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[5]

*m*n
*p*t*k
*mb*nd*ŋg
*s
*w*j

Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.


Pronouns


The pronouns are:[5]

sgpl
1 *naoɣ*naoj
2 *ɣaoɣ*jaoɣ
3m *igi*jiɣ
3f

Evolution


Lower Fly River (Makayam and Baramu) reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma:[6]


References


  1. New Guinea World, Fly River
  2. Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641–774. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  3. "Lower Fly River - newguineaworld".
  4. Jore, Tim and Laura Alemán. 2002. Sociolinguistic survey of the Tirio language family. Manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
  5. New Guinea World, Lower Fly River
  6. Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.



На других языках


- [en] Tirio languages

[fr] Langues tirio

Les langues tirio sont une famille de langues papoues parlées en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, dans la province ouest.



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