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Omani Arabic (also known as Omani Hadari Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Al Hajar Mountains of Oman and in a few neighboring coastal regions. It is the easternmost Arabic dialect. It was formerly spoken by colonists in Kenya and Tanzania, but these days, it mainly remains spoken on the island of Zanzibar. It is also spoken in Gwadar, a former Omani colony.
| Omani Arabic | |
|---|---|
| اللهجة العمانية | |
| Native to | Oman |
| Region | Hajar mountains and a few coastal towns |
Native speakers | (720,000 in Oman cited 1996)[1] 320,000 in UAE (no date),[1] 15,000 in Kenya (1995)[1] |
Language family | Afro-Asiatic
|
Writing system | Arabic alphabet |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | acx |
| Glottolog | oman1239 |
 | |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Interdental | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | emph. | plain | emph. | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||||
| Stop | voiceless | t | tˤ | t͡ʃ | k | q | ʔ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | (d͡ʒ) | ɡ | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | x ~ χ | ħ | h | ||
| voiced | ð | ðˤ | z | ɣ ~ ʁ | ʕ | ||||||
| Trill | r | rˤ | |||||||||
| Approximant | l | (ɫ) | j | w | |||||||
- Velar fricatives /x, ɣ/ can be heard as uvular sounds [χ, ʁ], in the Muscat dialect.
- /k, ɡ/ can also be heard as palatalized sounds [kʲ, ɡʲ] among the Muscat dialect.
- [ɫ] can be heard as an allophone of /l/, but is rarely phonemic.[2]
- As for most dialects, Standard Arabic [d͡ʒ] is replaced with the velar stop /g/ ⟨ج⟩, while [d͡ʒ] is available in some Omani dialects, mainly Bedouin.[3]
- The speakers of Muscat, Salalah and some Batina varieties (e.g. the center of Sohar city), as well as other sedentary dialect speakers, pronounce /q/ ⟨ق⟩ as [q], while the Bedouin dialect speakers pronounce /q/ as [g].[4] and this variable /q/ has been a hallmark for distinguishing Bedouin and Hadari (urban) Arabs for centuries.[5]
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː |
| Mid | eː | oː |
| Open | a aː | |
- /a/ can be heard as [æ] when preceding /j/ or any non-emphatic consonant. It is heard as back [ɑ] after emphatic sounds, and can then be heard as [ʌ] when shortened. Its long equivalent /aː/, is heard as [ɑː] after emphatic sounds.[6]
- /i/ can be heard as [ɪ] in medial position and as [ɨ] in shortened positions.
- Sounds /u, uː/ are often realized as near-close back sounds [ʊ, ʊː]. /u/ can sometimes be heard as [ɔ] or [o] after emphatics.
See also
- Varieties of Arabic
- Peninsular Arabic
References
- Omani Arabic at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Glover, Bonnie C. (1988). The morphophonology of Muscat Arabic. University of California at Los Angeles.
- Al-Balushi, Rashid (2017). "Omani Arabic: More than a Dialect" (PDF). Omani Arabic: More than a Dialect: 89.
- Al-Balushi, Rashid (2017). "Omani Arabic: More than a Dialect" (PDF). Omani Arabic: More than a Dialect: 89.
- Al Nabhani, H (2011). "Language and Identity in Oman through the Voice of Local Radio Broadcasters" (PDF). Language and Identity in Oman through the Voice of Local Radio Broadcasters. The University of Edinburgh.
- Grünbichler, Elisabeth (2015). Grammatik und Lexik des arabischen Dialekts von Buraimi (Oman). Universität Wien.
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Languages of Oman | ||
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| Varieties of Arabic | ||
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На других языках
- [en] Omani Arabic
[fr] Arabe omanais
L'arabe omanais, également connu sous le nom d'arabe omani hadari, est une variété d'arabe parlée principalement à Oman.[it] Arabo dell'Oman
L'arabo dell'Oman (noto anche come arabo ḥadārī dell'Oman ) è una varietà dell'arabo parlato nelle montagne di Al Ḥajar nell'Oman ed in alcune regioni costiere vicine. È il dialetto arabo più orientale. Nel passato era parlato dai coloni in Kenia e Tanzania, ma oggi rimane ad essere parlato principalmente nell'isola di Zanzibar.[ru] Оманский диалект арабского языка
Оманский диалект арабского языка (араб. اللهجة العمانية) — одна из разновидностей арабского языка, входящая в южноаравийскую подгруппу аравийских диалектов (вместе с йеменскими диалектами)[1]. Оманский диалект, очень близкий к современным йеменским диалектам, возможно, произошёл от некогда существовавшего древнего центральнойеменского диалекта[2].Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
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