lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageBahrani Arabic (also known as Bahrani and Baharna Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Baharna in Eastern Arabia and Oman.[2] In Bahrain, the dialect is primarily spoken in Shia villages and some parts of Manama. In Saudi Arabia, the dialect is spoken in the governorate of Qatif.
Variety of Arabic of Eastern Arabia and Oman
Bahrani Arabic |
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Native to | Bahrain, Oman, Qatif, Al Ahsa |
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Native speakers | 730,000 (2001–2013)[1] |
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Language family | |
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Dialects | Bahrani |
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Writing system | Arabic alphabet, Arabic chat alphabet |
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ISO 639-3 | abv |
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Glottolog | baha1259 |
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The Bahrani Arabic dialect has been significantly influenced by the ancient Aramaic, Syriac, and Akkadian languages.[3][4]
An interesting sociolinguistic feature of Bahrain is the existence of two main dialects: Bahrani and Sunni Arabic.[5] Sunni Bahrainis speak a dialect which is most similar to urban dialect spoken in Qatar.
The Persian language has the most foreign linguistic influence on all the Bahraini dialects.[6] The differences between Bahrani Arabic and other Bahraini dialects suggest differing historical origins. The main differences between Bahrani and non-Bahrani dialects are evident in certain grammatical forms and pronunciation. Most of the vocabulary, however, is shared between dialects, or is distinctly Bahraini, arising from a shared modern history. Many Bahrani words have also been borrowed from Urdu, Ottoman Turkish, or English.
Examples of words borrowed from other languages
- bānka 'ceiling fan' from Persian
- sōmān 'equipment' from Urdu.
- lētar 'lighter' from English.
- wīl 'wheel' from English
- tēm 'time' from English
- dareesha 'window' from Ottoman Turkish
- dowshag 'mattress' from Persian
- orradi 'already' from English
- leitāt 'lights' from English
Bahrani dialect has borrowed some vocabulary from Persian, Urdu, Ottoman Turkish, and more recently from English.
Features
Holes divides the sedentary dialects of the Gulf to two types:
- Type A, which includes the dialects of Sunni tribes that settled in Eastern Arabia between the 17th and 19th century, and the Huwala. This group includes the standard Gulf Arabic dialects of Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and UAE.
- Type B, which includes the dialects of Omani Ibadis and Eastern Arabian Shia (the Baharna).
Bahrani Arabic (called Baħrāni by its speakers) shares many features with surrounding Type A dialects (e.g. Kuwait, UAE, Qatar). Some general features:
- Classical Arabic /q/ becomes /g/, for example gamar (moon).
- Classical Arabic /ð/ becomes /d/, for example danab (tail).
- /q/ and /ð/ is preserved for some Classical Arabic borrowings, for example [ðulqaʕdah] (Dhu Al-Qa'dah).
- Affrication of /k/ to /tʃ/ in many words, for example [tʃalb] (dog).
- /θ/ has the free variant /f/, and in some dialects /t/, for example falāfeh or talāteh (three).
- /dʒ/ becomes /j/ in some rural dialects, for example yiħħe (watermelon).
- Usage of -sh suffix (/ʃ/) as a feminine second-person pronoun akin to masculine -k, for example babish (your door).
- Usage of sentence-final particle e (pronounced [ɛː]) to indicate questions, for example 'inzaine (OK?).
Phonology
Bahrani Arabic consonants[7]
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Labial |
Dental |
Denti-alveolar |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Glottal |
plain | emphatic |
plain | emphatic |
Nasal |
m |
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n |
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Plosive |
voiceless |
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t |
tˤ |
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tʃ |
k |
q |
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ʔ |
voiced |
b |
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d |
dˤ |
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dʒ |
ɡ |
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Fricative |
voiceless |
f |
θ |
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s |
sˤ |
ʃ |
x |
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ħ |
h |
voiced |
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ð |
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z |
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ɣ |
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ʕ |
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Trill |
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r |
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Approximant |
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l |
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j |
w |
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See also
- Varieties of Arabic
- Peninsular Arabic
References
- "Arabic, Baharna Spoken". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
- "Arabic, Baharna Spoken". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
- Jastrow, Otto (2002). Non-Arabic Semitic elements in the Arabic dialects of eastern Arabia. Clive Holes. pp. 270–279. ISBN 9783447044912.
- Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes. pp. XXIX–XXX. ISBN 9004107630.
- Bassiouney, Reem (2009). "5". Arabic Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 105–107.
- Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes. 2001. Page XXX. ISBN 90-04-10763-0
- Al-Tajir, Mahdi Abdalla (1982). Language and linguistic origins in Baḥrain : the Baḥārnah dialect of Arabic. London: K. Paul International. ISBN 0-7103-0024-7.
Further reading
External links
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Overviews |
- Language
- Alphabet
- Romanization
- Numerology
- Influence on other languages
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Scripts |
- Nabataean alphabet
- Perso-Arabic alphabet
- Ancient North Arabian
- Ancient South Arabian script
- Arabic numerals
- Eastern numerals
- Arabic Braille
- Diacritics
- i‘jām
- Tashkil
- Harakat
- Tanwin
- Shaddah
- Hamza
- Tāʾ marbūṭah
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Letters |
- ʾAlif
- Bāʾ
- Tāʾ
- Ṯāʾ
- Ǧīm
- Ḥāʾ
- Ḫāʾ
- Dāl
- Ḏāl
- Rāʾ
- Zāy
- Sīn
- Šīn
- Ṣād
- Ḍād
- Ṭāʾ
- Ẓāʾ
- ʿAyn
- Ġayn
- Fāʾ
- Qāf
- Kāf
- Lām
- Mīm
- Nūn
- Hāʾ
- Wāw
- Yāʾ
- Hamza
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Varieties | Pre-Islamic | |
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Literary | |
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Modern | |
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Peripheries | |
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Judeo-Arabic | |
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Creoles and pidgins | |
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Academic | |
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Linguistics |
- Phonology
- Sun and moon letters
- Tajwid
- Imāla
- ʾIʿrāb (case)
- Grammar
- Triliteral root
- Mater lectionis
- IPA
- Quranic Arabic Corpus
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- Ajami script
- Diwani
- Jawi script
- Kufic
- Rasm
- Mashq
- Hijazi script
- Muhaqqaq
- Thuluth
- Naskh (script)
- Ruqʿah script
- Taʿlīq script
- Nastaʿlīq script
- Shahmukhī script
- Sini (script)
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Technical |
- Arabic keyboard
- Arabic script in Unicode
- ISO/IEC 8859-6
- Windows-1256
- MS-DOS codepages
- MacArabic encoding
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- Italics indicate extinct languages
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
Category |
Languages of Bahrain |
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Official language | |
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Semiofficial language | |
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Minority languages | |
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Sign languages | |
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Languages of Oman |
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Official language | |
- Oman portal
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Main foreign language | |
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Minority languages | |
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Varieties of Arabic | |
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Sign languages | |
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Languages of Saudi Arabia |
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Official language | |
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Vernacular Arabic | |
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other spoken | |
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Sign languages | |
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На других языках
- [en] Bahrani Arabic
[fr] Arabe bahrani
L'arabe bahrani ou bahrani (appelé baħarna par ses locuteurs) est une variété d'arabe parlée en Arabie orientale et à Oman[1]. À Bahreïn, le dialecte est principalement parlé dans les villages chiites et dans certaines parties de Manama .
[ru] Бахарна (диалект)
Баха́рна (араб. اللهجة البحرانية), старобахрейнский диалект арабского языка — одна из разновидностей арабского языка, распространённая среди этнорелигиозной группы бахарна (араб. بحارنة), которая издревле обитает в восточной Аравии.
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