lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages are a proposed macrofamily linking the Chimuan, Uru–Chipaya, and Mayan language families of the Americas. The macrofamily was proposed by Stark (1972).[1] However, it has not gained widespread acceptance among linguists.
Hypothetical language family made up of Chimuan and Uru-Chipayan languages
| Maya–Yunga–Chipayan |
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Geographic distribution | Peru and Central America |
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| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
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| Subdivisions |
- Chimuan
- Uru–Chipaya
- Mayan
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| Glottolog | None |
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Classification
Stark's (1972) classification is as follows.[1]
- Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
- Mayan
- Chimu–Chipayan
- Uru–Chipaya
- Chimuan
- Yunga (Mochica)
- Cañari–Puruhá
- ? Sechura–Catacao (Tallán)
Tovar (1961),[2] partly based on Schmidt (1926),[3] adds Tallán (Sechura–Catacao) to Chimuan (which he calls Yunga-Puruhá). Tovar's (1961) classification below is cited from Stark (1972).[1]
Lexical comparisons
Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga (Mochica), based on the following lexical comparisons.[1]
| gloss | Yunga | Uru–Chipaya | Proto-Mayan |
| to remember | kon- | khuñ- | *k(’)an |
| string (twisted) | pal | pari | *b’əl |
| flea | čuka | čowksmari | *k’əq |
| to kill | jum | kan | *kəm |
| fire | ox | uh | *q’aːq’ |
| foot | xok | kxohča | *ʔoːq |
| to come | ta(n)- | thon- | *t̪əːl |
| (old) woman | šonøŋ | šon | *ʔišnam |
| beard | sap | sip(s) | *šob |
| white | šiku | sḳo ‘white, salty residue, on ground’ | *saq |
| to spin thread | paṣ̌- | spahtš | *bač’ |
| water | xa | kxaʔ | *həʔ |
| bone | ko¢ike | khoči | *b’a.q |
| to feel, hear | nøm- | non | *ʔabiy, *ʔubiy |
| sun, time, day | tuni | thuñi | *q’i.ŋ |
| father | ef | ehp | *mam, *tat |
| to want, love, present | pik- | pek | *q’an, *ʔax |
| ripe, old | čuk | čakwa | *yix |
| toad | xok | šḳoḳa | *š-k’yuk’y |
| to spin thread | paṣ̌- | spahtš | *š-bač’ |
| jaw | kaŋ | škeña | *š-kahlam |
| cornfield | | škala ~ ṣkala | *š-k’wal; *š-kol |
See also
References
- Stark, Louisa R. (1972). "Maya-Yunga-Chipayan: A New Linguistic Alignment". International Journal of American Linguistics. 38 (2): 119–135. doi:10.1086/465193. ISSN 0020-7071.
- Tovar, Antonio (1961). Catálogo de las lenguas de América del Sur, pp. 162-165. Buenos Aires.
- Schmidt, Wilhelm (1926). Die Sprachfamilien und Sprachenkreise der Erde, p. 214. Heidelberg.
Indigenous language families and isolates of South America (based on Campbell 2012 classification) |
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Language families and isolates | | Je–Tupi–Carib |
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| Eastern Brazil | |
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| Orinoco (Venezuela) |
|
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| Andes (Colombia and Venezuela) | |
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| Amazon (Colombia, Japurá–Vaupés area) |
- Tucanoan
- ? Bora–Witoto
- Andoque–Urequena
- Guajiboan
- Nadahup
- Puinave
|
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| Pacific coast (Colombia and Ecuador) | |
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| Pacific coast (Peru) |
- Sechura–Catacao
- ? Chimuan
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| Amazon (Peru) | |
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| Amazon (west-central Brazil) |
- ? Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
- ? Mura–Matanawí
- Trumai
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| Mamoré–Guaporé | |
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| Andes (Peru, Bolivia, and Chile) | |
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| Chaco–Pampas |
- ? Mataco–Guaicuru
- Mascoyan
- Zamucoan
- Charruan
- Huarpean
- Lule–Vilelan
- Chonan
|
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| Far South (Chile) | |
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|
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| Proposed groupings |
- Duho
- Macro-Andean
- Macro-Arawakan
- Macro-Chibchan
- Macro-Jê
- Macro-Jibaro
- Macro-Otomákoan
- Macro-Paesan
- Macro-Panoan
- Macro-Puinavean
- Macro-Warpean
- Arutani–Sape
- Bora–Witoto
- Esmeralda–Yaruroan
- Hibito–Cholon
- Je–Tupi–Carib
- Katembri–Taruma
- Mataco–Guaicuru
- Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
- Moseten–Chonan
- Quechumaran
- Saparo–Yawan
- Tequiraca–Canichana
- Wamo–Chapakura
- Amerind
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| Linguistic areas |
- Chaco
- Mamoré–Guaporé
- Amazonian
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| Countries |
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Colombia
- Chile
- Ecuador
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Venezuela
- Guyana
- Suriname
- French Guiana
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| Lists |
- Languages
- Extinct languages
- Unclassified languages
- Classification
- Linguistic areas
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На других языках
- [en] Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages
[es] Lenguas chimú-chipayas
Las lenguas chimú-chipayas o chipaya-yunga son una familia hipotética formada por las lenguas chimúes y el uru-chipaya.
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