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Movima is a language that is spoken by about 1,400 (nearly half) of the Movima, a group of Native Americans that resides in the Llanos de Moxos region of the Bolivian Amazon, in northeastern Bolivia. It is considered a language isolate, as it has not been proven to be related to any other language.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,374 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua movima]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|pt|Língua movima}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Movima
Chosineɬ di' mowi:maj [1]
Native to	Bolivia
Region	Beni Department
Native speakers	ca. 1,400 (2006)[1]
Language family	Language isolate
Official status
Official language in	Bolivia[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mzp
Glottolog	movi1243
ELP	Movima
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Locations

Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, Santa Ana del Yacuma.[3]

Phonology

Movima has five vowels:

The vowels of Movima

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

/e/ and /o/ more closely resemble [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, than the close-mid vowels [e] and [o]. Vowels have a phonemic length distinction, although some prosodic processes can lengthen otherwise short vowels. Movima does not have tone.[4]

The consonants of Movima

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	lab.
Nasal		m	n
Stop	pulmonic	p	t		tʃ	k (ɡ)	kʷ	(ʔ)
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative		(f) β	s	ɬ				h
Approximant				l	j	w		jˀ
Trill			r

The plosive /p/ is realized as [p] in the syllable onset but as [pʔᵐ] (which contrasts with the simple nasal phoneme /m/) in the coda. Similarly, /t/ and /k/ are realized as [tʔⁿ] and [ʔ^ɤ] (i.e., as a glottal stop with a vocalic release), respectively, in the syllable coda.[1] In vowel-initial words and between adjacent vowels, an epenthetic glottal stop appears.

The phonemes /f/ and /ɡ/ are only present in Spanish loanwords.

Morphology

In Movima, compounding and incorporation are productive derivational processes. Reduplication and affixation, including some processes (such as the irrealis marker (k)a') that resemble infixation, are also common. Typical examples of inflection, such as number, case, tense, mood, and aspect, are not obligatorily marked in Movima.[1] Many derivational processes can be applied to a single Movima word. The same morpheme may appear multiple times in one word this way, for instance, tikoy-na-poj-na "I make X kill Y."

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[5]

gloss	Mobima
one	sotaru
two	oira
three	taxra
tooth	söichlan
tongue	rulkua
hand	chopa
woman	kukya
water	toni
fire	vé
moon	yekcho
maize	kuaxta
jaguar	rulrul
house	roya

See also

• Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)

Further reading

• Judy, R. A.; Judy, J. (1962). Movima y castellano. (Vocabularios Bolivianos, 1). Vocabularios Bolivianos. Cochabamba: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

References

External links

• World Atlas of Language Structures information on Movima
• Lenguas de Bolivia (online edition)
• Movima (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

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- [en] Movima language

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[es] Idioma movima

El movima es una lengua indígena hablada en la provincia de yacuma, departamento del Beni, en Bolivia, por unas 1400 personas, según los datos del Censo Indígena Rural de Tierras Bajas de 1994.

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[fr] Movima

Le movima est une langue amérindienne isolée parlée dans en Amazonie bolivienne, dans le département de Beni.

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[ru] Мовима (язык)

Мовима — язык, на котором говорит народ индейцев-мовима в Боливии (департамент Бени). Общее число говорящих — порядка 1450 человек. Считается языком-изолятом. Для записи языка мовима используется латинский алфавит.

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