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Aikanã (sometimes called Tubarão,[2] Corumbiara/Kolumbiara, or Huari/Uari/Wari) is an endangered language isolate[1] spoken by about 200 Aikanã people in Rondônia,[3] Brazil. It is morphologically complex and has SOV word order.[4] Aikanã uses the Latin script. The people live with speakers of Koaia (Kwaza).

Aikanã
Tubarão, Huari
Native to	Brazil
Region	Rondônia
Native speakers	200 (2007)[1]
Language family	Language isolate
Dialects	Masaká
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tba
Glottolog	aika1237
ELP	Aikanã
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Classification

Van der Voort (2005) observes similarities among Aikanã, Kanoê, and Kwaza, but believes the evidence is not strong enough to definitively link the three languages together as part of a single language family. Hence, Aikanã is best considered to be a language isolate.[5] An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)[6] also found lexical similarities between Aikanã and Kwaza. However, since the analysis was automatically generated, the grouping could be either due to mutual lexical borrowing or genetic inheritance.

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Kanoe, Kwaza, and Nambikwara due to contact.[7]

Varieties

Varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):[8]

• Huari (Corumbiara) - spoken between the Corumbiara River and Guarajú River, Rondônia
• Masaca (Aicana) - spoken on the left bank of the Corumbiara River
• Aboba - extinct language once spoken on the Guarajú River
• Maba - extinct language once spoken on the Guajejú River (unattested)
• Puxacaze - once spoken on the Guajejú River, Brazil (unattested)
• Guajejú - once spoken at the sources of the Jamarí River and Candeia River (unattested)

Phonology

Vowels

Oral vowels

	Front		Central	Back
Close	i	y ~ ø	(ɨ)	u
Mid	ɛ
Open			a

Nasal vowels

	Front		Central	Back
Close	ĩ	ỹ ~ ø̃	(ɨ̃)	ũ
Mid	ɛ̃
Open			ɐ̃

• /y, ỹ/ can also be heard as close-mid [ø, ø̃].
• /a, ã/ are heard as [ɨ, ɨ̃] before /i, ĩ/.

Consonants

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t̪͡s	t	t͡ʃ	k	(ʔ)
	voiced	b	d̪͡ð	d	d͡ʒ
Fricative				(s)
Nasal		[m]	[ⁿ̪ð]	[n]	[ɲ]
Sonorant		w		ɾ	(j)		h

• Within the position of nasal vowels, sounds /b, d, d͡ð/ become [m, n, ⁿ̪ð] and /w, ɾ, h/ become [w̃, ɾ̃, h̃].
• /t̪͡s, d͡ð/ are only heard as affricates [t̪͡s, d͡ð] in word-initial position. Elsewhere, they are heard as a fricatives [s] and [ð].
• /w/ can be heard as a fricative [β] when before /i/.
• /ɾ/ can also be heard as [l] between vowels.
• /d͡ʒ/ is heard as [d͡ʒ] before a front-vowel, [j] before a non-front vowel, and as [ɲ] or [j̃] before a nasal vowel.[9]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Huari and Masaca, as well as Capixana.[8]

gloss	Huari	Masaca	Capixana
one	amemeeː	amäme	pátairä
two	arukai	atuka	kãerá
three		ümaitü	piakaúkä
head	chimé	tinupá	i-kutá
ear	ka-niyú	ka-nĩgó	i-tẽyõ
tooth	múi	mõiː	i-pé
hand	iné	iné	i-so
woman	chikichíki	dätiá	míaʔä
water	hané	hánä	kuni
fire	íne	íné	iní
stone	huahuá	urorä	akí
maize	atití	ákí	atití
tapir	arimé	alümä	itsá

Aikanã plant and animal names from Silva (2012)[10] are listed in the corresponding Portuguese article.

Further reading

• Vasconcelos, I. P. (2004). Aspectos da fonologia e morfologia da língua Aikanã. Maceió: Universidade Federal de Alagoas. (Masters dissertation).

References

• Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: AIKANA

На других языках

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- [en] Aikanã language

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[es] Idioma aikaná

El aikaná o aikanã (también tubarão,[2] masaca o corumbiara) es una lengua indígena americana hablada por unos 150 indígenas de la etnia aikaná en la reserva de Tubarão-Latundê situada en el sur del estado brasileño de Rondônia.

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[ru] Айкана

Айкана (Aikanã, также в англоязычной литературе используются следующие названия для данного языка: Masaká, Kasupá, Mundé, Huari, Corumbiara, Tubarão,[1] Corumbiara/Kolumbiara, Huari/Uari/Wari) — находящийся под угрозой исчезновения изолированный индейский язык, на котором говорит народ айкана, проживающий в штате Рондония[2] (к западу от города Вильена, около шоссе Куяба-Порто — Велью) в Бразилии. Живут вместе с носителями языка кваза. Айкана имеет диалекты масака (массака) и тубанао. Также носители тубанао и масака используют португальский язык.[2]

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