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Kunza is an extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people, who have since shifted to Spanish. The last speaker was documented in 1949.

Kunza
Atacameño
Likanantaí
Native to	Chile, Peru, Bolivia
Region	Atacama Desert
Ethnicity	Atacama
Extinct	ca. 1950s
Language family	language isolate
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kuz
Glottolog	kunz1244

Other names and spellings include Cunza, Likanantaí, Lipe, Ulipe, and Atacameño.

History

The language was spoken in northern Chile and southern Peru, specifically in the Chilean villages of Peine, Socaire (near the Salar de Atacama), and Caspana.

The last Kunza speaker was found in 1949, although some have been found since according to anthropologists.^{[clarification needed]} There are 2,000 Atacameños (W. Adelaar).

Unattested varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):

• Atacameño of Bolivia - spoken in a small village on the frontier of Potosí Department, Bolivia, and Antofagasta Province of Chile
• Lipe (Olipe) - extinct language once spoken south of the Salar de Uyuni, Potosí Department, Bolivia

Classification

Kaufman (1990) found a proposed connection between Kunza and the likewise unclassified Kapixaná to be plausible; however, the language was more fully described in 2004, and the general consensus among linguists was that both languages are isolates.^{[citation needed]}

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Mochika, Kandoshi, Jaqi, Kechua, Mapudungun, and Uru-Chipaya language families due to contact.[1]

Phonology

Consonants[2]

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
			plain	lateral
Stop	voiceless	p	t			k	q	ʔ
	ejective	pʼ	tʼ			kʼ	qʼ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s		t͡ʃ
	ejective				t͡ʃʼ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ɬ		x	χ	h
	voiced	β				ɣ
Nasal		m	n
Trill			r
Approximant		w		l	j

Vowels[2]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː	(ə)	o oː
Open		a aː

See also

• Macro-Paesan languages

References

External links

• Kunza Swadesh vocabulary list (from Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
• Spanish-Kunza dictionary online
• Bibliography about Kunza
• Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: KUNZA
• Kunza (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

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[de] Kunza

Kunza ist die ursprüngliche Sprache der Lickan Antai, einer indigenen Bevölkerungsgruppe in den andinen Oasen der Atacama-Wüste im Norden Chiles. Sie ist praktisch eine tote Sprache, die gegenwärtig nur noch in spezifischen rituellen Gesängen und Toponymen vorkommt.

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- [en] Kunza language

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[es] Kunza

El kunza (de ckunsa, "nuestro"), también llamado atacameño, es un idioma que era hablado por el pueblo atacameño hasta el siglo XIX en el Altiplano de Chile, Argentina y Bolivia.

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[fr] Kunza

Le kunza (également appelé cunza, likanantaí, lipe, ulipe et atacameño) est une langue isolée, considérée comme éteinte depuis 1949. Elle était parlée par les Atacamas, une ethnie autochtone d'Amérique du Sud qui peuple l'intérieur du désert d'Atacama (nord du Chili et de l'Argentine, et sud-ouest de la Bolivie) et parle aujourd'hui l'espagnol.

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[ru] Кунса (язык)

Кунса, Kunza, известен также как язык атакаменьо, атакамский язык, ликанантай, липе, улипе — исчезнувший неклассифицированный язык, на котором говорил народ ликанантай (атакаменьо), проживавший в пустыне Атакама на севере Чили и юге Перу, позднее перешедший на испанский язык.

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