lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.[1] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, and the last ethnic Oti died in 1988.[2] Only a few word lists are preserved.[3]
Oti |
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Native to | Brazil |
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Region | State of São Paulo |
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Extinct | Beginning of the 20th century |
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Language family | language isolate |
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ISO 639-3 | oti |
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Glottolog | otii1244 |
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Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.[4]
History
The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang.[5] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.[6] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.[7]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968)
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[8]
gloss | Otí |
hand | insua |
fire | úgide |
stone | racha |
sun | isken |
moon | kuyade |
earth | biroa |
jaguar | kuatá |
fish | eredehe |
house | gobx |
bow | iñesteku |
Nikulin (2020)
Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),[9]: 78–79 cited from Quadros (1892),[10] Borba (1908: 73–76),[11] and Ihering (1912: 8).[12] For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the corresponding Portuguese article.
Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Otí |
cabeça | head | ursube; ufúbe |
cabelo | hair | eteche; naôdj |
olho | eye | acli, athli |
orelha | ear | aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a |
nariz | nose | assondlaibe; sonduái |
dente | tooth | vê; ûa |
boca | mouth | afót |
peito | chest | instúa |
mão | hand | insua |
pé | foot | jube; fum |
sangue | blood | astaete |
água | water | ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede |
fogo | fire | iná; achô; úgide |
árvore | tree | tajane |
terra | earth | biroa |
pedra | stone | rátcha |
chuva | rain | chanin; béia |
sente-se! | sit down! | roiábe |
deite fora! (?) | throw it away! (?) | bója |
References
- Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094271
- CEDI 1991. Oti-Xavante. CEDI 1991: 580–581.
- Glottolog
- Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, The Amazonian Languages
- Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920
- Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. The Šerente. Los Angeles.
- Fabre (2009)
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.
- Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
- Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
- Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.
External links
- Alain Fabre, 2009, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Oti
Languages of Brazil |
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Official language | |
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Regional languages | |
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Indigenous languages | Arawakan | |
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Arawan | |
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Cariban | |
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Panoan | |
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Macro-Jê | |
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Nadahup | |
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Tupian | |
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Chapacuran | |
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Tukanoan | |
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Nambikwaran | |
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Others | |
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Interlanguages | |
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Sign languages | |
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Indigenous language families and isolates of South America (based on Campbell 2012 classification) |
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Language families and isolates | Je–Tupi–Carib |
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Eastern Brazil | |
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Orinoco (Venezuela) |
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Andes (Colombia and Venezuela) | |
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Amazon (Colombia, Japurá–Vaupés area) |
- Tucanoan
- ? Bora–Witoto
- Andoque–Urequena
- Guajiboan
- Nadahup
- Puinave
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Pacific coast (Colombia and Ecuador) | |
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Pacific coast (Peru) |
- Sechura–Catacao
- ? Chimuan
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Amazon (Peru) | |
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Amazon (west-central Brazil) |
- ? Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
- ? Mura–Matanawí
- Trumai
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Mamoré–Guaporé | |
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Andes (Peru, Bolivia, and Chile) | |
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Chaco–Pampas |
- ? Mataco–Guaicuru
- Mascoyan
- Zamucoan
- Charruan
- Huarpean
- Lule–Vilelan
- Chonan
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Far South (Chile) | |
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Proposed groupings |
- Duho
- Macro-Andean
- Macro-Arawakan
- Macro-Chibchan
- Macro-Jê
- Macro-Jibaro
- Macro-Otomákoan
- Macro-Paesan
- Macro-Panoan
- Macro-Puinavean
- Macro-Warpean
- Arutani–Sape
- Bora–Witoto
- Esmeralda–Yaruroan
- Hibito–Cholon
- Je–Tupi–Carib
- Katembri–Taruma
- Mataco–Guaicuru
- Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
- Moseten–Chonan
- Quechumaran
- Saparo–Yawan
- Tequiraca–Canichana
- Wamo–Chapakura
- Amerind
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Linguistic areas |
- Chaco
- Mamoré–Guaporé
- Amazonian
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Countries |
- Argentina
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- Brazil
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- Chile
- Ecuador
- Paraguay
- Peru
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Lists |
- Languages
- Extinct languages
- Unclassified languages
- Classification
- Linguistic areas
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На других языках
- [en] Oti language
[fr] Otí (langue)
La langue otí était la langue d'une population éteinte de l'État de São Paulo au Brésil.
[ru] Оти (язык)
Оти (Chavante, Euchavante, Oti) — мёртвый изолированный индейский язык, на котором раньше говорил народ оти, проживающий в муниципалитете Сан-Паулу штата Сан-Паулу в Бразилии. Последний носитель оти умер в 1988 году. Несмотря на своё название "чаванте", этот язык не следует путать ни с языком шаванте (семья же), ни с языком офайе, относящийся к семье языков макро-же.
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