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Mochoʼ or Motozintleco is a moribund Mayan language spoken by the Motozintleco people of Chiapas, Mexico. It is part of the western branch of Mayan languages. Mochoʼ speakers refer to their own language as qatô:k (spelled "Cotoque" in some older sources), which means 'our language'.[1] Mochoʼ has a dialect called Tuzantec spoken in Tuzantan, Chiapas.

Mochoʼ
Motozintleco
Qatoʼk
Native to	Mexico
Region	Eastern Chiapas (villages of Tuzatlán and Motozintla), Southern Mexico
Native speakers	<30 (2011)[1]
Language family	Mayan Qʼanjobalan–Chujean Qʼanjobalan Mochoʼ
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mhc
Glottolog	moch1257
ELP	Mocho'

Mochoʼ is considered a moribund language, with fewer than 30 currently recorded speakers, and no focus on passing down the language to children. Most speakers are bilingual in modern Spanish, which is effectively displacing the Mochoʼ language in southern Mexico.

Demographics

Mocho is a moribund language with less than 30 fluent speakers as of 2011. All speakers are over the age of 70. As of 2009, there are fewer than 5 speakers of Tuzanteco, a closely related language variety.

The two dialects of Mochoʼ are spoken in two different villages: the Tuzantec dialect in Tuzantán (a town near Huixtla, Chiapas), and the Motozintlec dialect in Motozintla de Mendoza. Historically, the two groups descend from a single population living in the region of Belisario Dominguez about 500 years ago. According to local legend, the split and migration was caused by a plague of bats. Speakers have also been reported in the nearby towns of Tolimán, Buenos Aires, and Campana. Palosaari (2011) describes the Motozintlec dialect.[1]

Phonology

Unlike most Mayan languages, Mochoʼ is tonal. Stress is regular and at the last syllable.

• Short vowels have level or rising pitch.
• Long vowels have tonal contrast, with falling pitch found only in stressed syllables. Stressed plain long vowels have a rising pitch or a level high pitch.

In Mochoʼ, Proto-Mayan *j [x] and *h [h] have merged to /j/ in Motozintleco, while Tuzanteco preserves this distinction. Tuzanteco, however, has lost vowel length.

It is worth noting that pronunciation rules change compared to modern Spanish, as ñ becomes an "ng" sound like in sing, and glottalization becomes important for many consonants.

Orthography

All Orthographical information below is sourced directly from the Native Languages of the Americas website. Included are the standard characters for each alphabetical sound, as well as replacement symbols used in varying scholarly texts.

Vowels

Standard Character	Also Used
a
aa	a·, a꞉
e
ee	e·, e꞉
i
ii	i·, i꞉
o
oo	o·, o꞉
u	v
uu	u·, u꞉

Diphthongs

Standard Character	Also Used
ay	ai
ey	ei
oy	oi

Consonants

Standard Character	Also Used
b
ch	č
chʼ	čʼ, chh, ʼch
h	j
j	h, x
k	c, qu
kʼ	cʼ, qʼu, quʼ, ʼc
ky	cy
l
m
n
ñ	ŋ, nh, ng
p
q	k
qʼ	kʼ, ʼk
s
t
tʼ
ts	tz, ¢
tsʼ	tzʼ, ¢ʼ, ʼtz
w	u, hu, v, vu
x	š, sh
y
ʼ	None, represents a pause sound

References

Further reading

• Kaufman, T. (1969). Preliminary Mochoʼ vocabulary (Working Paper 5). Berkeley, CA: University of California.
• Campbell, L. (1988). The linguistics of southeast Chiapas, Mexico (Vol. 50). Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press.
• Martin, L. (1998). Irrealis constructions in Mochoʼ (Mayan). Anthropological Linguistics (2), 198-213.
• Martin, L. (1987). The interdependence of language and culture in the bear story in Spanish and Mocho. Anthropological Linguistics (4), 533-548.
• England, N. C., & Maldonado, R. Z. (2013). Mayan languages. Oxford University Press.
• Schuman, Otto. 1969. "El tuzanteco y su posición dentro de la familia mayense" en Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. México. pp. 139–148.

External links

• Mayan Languages Collection of Laura Martin. Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. [Audio recordings, transcriptions, translations, and field notes on Mocho' and other Mayan languages. Free registration required.]
• MesoAmerican Languages Collection of Lyle Campbell. Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America. [Audio recordings, transcriptions, and translations of several languages including Mocho'. Free registration required.]
• "Mocho Pronunciation Guide, Alphabet and Phonology". www.native-languages.org. Native Languages of the Americas. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
• "Mochoʼ Language". Endangered Languages Project. Alliance for Linguistic Diversity. Retrieved 2 May 2016.

На других языках

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- [en] Mochoʼ language

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[es] Idioma mochó

El idioma Mocho , cotoque: mocho' [mot͡ʃoʔ]) es una lengua mayense del tronco kanjobal hablado en el municipio de Motozintla, Chiapas, Son un pueblo que proviene de Oaxaca y se asentaron en Tuzantan y poco a poco ocuparon parte de sierra mariscal Hace aproximadamente 450 años. Por tanto no es una variante de Tuzanteco. En la actualidad hay muy pocos hablantes de Mocho', (Q'atooj significa "mi palabra" pero fue un castellanisado el que acento al Mocho' como Q'atooj" en el INALI, pero el nombre correcto es MOCHO') [[México].[4] El idioma mochó es una lengua en grave peligro de extinción, pues cuenta con solo 141 hablantes según el censo del INEGI del año 2010.

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[fr] Mocho (langue)

Le mocho (ou motozintlèque) est une langue maya parlée au Mexique, au Sud-Est de la ville de Motozintla, située dans l'État de Chiapas[2].

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[ru] Мочо (язык)

Мочо (Mocho, Mochó, Mocho’, Motocintleco, Mototzintlec, Motozintleco, Qato’k) — индейский язык (наречие), который принадлежит к западной ветви майяских языков, на котором говорят в деревнях Мотосинтла и Тусантан на мексиканско-гватемальской границе в штате Чьяпас в Мексике. У мочо есть мотосинтлекский и тусантекский (мучу) диалекты. Это два различных диалекта этого языка (Кауфман 1967). Нет взаимопонятности с разновидностями мамских языков (1973 SIL).

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