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Ixil (Ixhil) is a Mayan language spoken in Mexico and Guatemala.[2] It is the primary language of the Ixil people, which mainly comprises the three towns of San Juan Cotzal, Santa Maria Nebaj, and San Gaspar Chajul in the Guatemalan highlands and numerous towns in the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo in southeast México.[3] There is also an Ixil speaking migrant population in Guatemala City, Mexico City and the United States. Although there are slight differences in vocabulary in the dialects spoken by people in the three main guatemalan Ixil towns, they are all mutually intelligible and should be considered dialects of a single language. According to historical linguistic studies Ixil emerged as a separate language sometime around the year 500AD.

Ixil
Pronunciation	[iʂil]
Native to	Guatemala, Mexico
Region	Quiché Department Campeche, Quintana Roo
Ethnicity	133,329 Ixil (2019 census)
Native speakers	120,000 (2019 census)[1]
Language family	Mayan Eastern Mayan Greater Mamean Ixilan Ixil
Dialects	Chajuleño and Nebajeño
Writing system	Latin
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Mexico  Guatemala
Regulated by	Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ixl
Glottolog	ixil1251
ELP	Ixil

Distribution

Ixil language is spoken in Mexico in some municipalities of the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo. In the state of Campeche is spoken in the communities of Los Laureles and Quetzal-Edzná from the Campeche municipality and in Maya Tecún in Champotón municipality, while in Quintana Roo is spoken in the towns of Maya Balam and Kuchumatán, Bacalar municipality.

In Guatemala, the municipalities where Ixil is spoken the most are San Gaspar Chajul, San Juan Cotzal and Santa María Nebaj, Quiché department.

Phonology

Ixil vowels[4]

	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː		u uː
Close-mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

Ixil consonants (Nebaj dialect)[5]

		Labial	Alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	pʰ ⟨p⟩	tʰ ⟨t⟩	t͡sʰ ⟨tz⟩	ȶ͡ɕʰ ⟨ch⟩	ʈ͡ʂʰ ⟨tx⟩		kʰ ⟨k⟩	qʰ ⟨q⟩	ʔ ⟨'⟩
	glottalized	ɓ ⟨bʼ⟩	tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩	t͡sʼ ⟨tzʼ⟩	ȶ͡ɕʼ ⟨chʼ⟩	ʈ͡ʂʼ ⟨txʼ⟩		kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩	qʼ ⟨qʼ⟩
Fricative		β ~ v ⟨v⟩	s ⟨s⟩		ɕ ⟨xh⟩	ʂ ⟨x⟩			χ ⟨j⟩
Flap			ɾ ⟨r⟩
Approximant			l ⟨l⟩				j ⟨y⟩

Grammar

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2008)

Ixil pronominals are discerned between ergative ones and absolutive ones.[6] A notable feature of the language's grammar is its ambiguity in discerning reflexive from reciprocal pronouns.[7]

See also

• Ergative-absolutive language

Notes

Bibliography

• Asicona Ramírez, Lucas, Domingo Méndez Rivera, Rodrigo Domingo Xinic Bop. 1998. Diccionario Ixil de San Gaspar Chajul. La Antigua Guatemala: Proyecto Linguistico Francisco Marroquín.
• Ayres, Glenn Thompson (1991). La Gramática Ixil. La Antigua Guatemala: CIRMA.
• Cedillo Chel, Antonio, Juan Ramírez. 1999. Diccionario del idioma ixil de Santa María Nebaj. La Antigua Guatemala: Proyecto Linguistico Francisco Marroquín.
• England, Nora C. 1994. Ukutaʼmiil Ramaqʼiil Utzijobʼaal ri Mayaʼ Amaaqʼ: Autonomia de los Idiomas Mayas: Historia e identidad. (2nd ed.). Guatemala City: Cholsamaj.
• Maximiliano Poma S., Tabita J.T. de la Cruz, Manuel Caba Caba et al. 1996. Gramática del Idioma Ixil. La Antigua Guatemala: Proyecto Linguistico Francisco Marroquín.
• Oxlajuuj Keej Mayaʼ Ajtzʼiibʼ (OKMA). 1993. Mayaʼ chiiʼ. Los idiomas Mayas de Guatemala. Guatemala City: Cholsamaj.
• Programa de Rescate Cultural Maya-Ixil. 1995. Aqʼbʼal Eluʼl Yol Vatzsaj: Diccionario Ixil. Guatemala City: Cholsamaj.

External links

• Doctrina y Confesionario en lengua Ixil
• OLAC resources in and about the Ixil language
• ELAR archive of Ixil Maya language documentation materials
• Ixil Maya Conversation / Narrative Collection at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, containing audio recordings and digital texts.

На других языках

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[de] Ixil-Sprache

Die Ixil-Sprache ist die Sprache des indigenen Volks der Ixil in Guatemala und gehört mit knapp hunderttausend Sprechern zu den größeren Maya-Sprachen.

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- [en] Ixil language

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[es] Idioma ixil

El idioma ixil es una lengua mayense del grupo quiché-mam que se habla principalmente en los pueblos ixiles de los estados de Campeche y Quintana Roo en el sureste de México y en la comunidad lingüística de los ixiles, ubicada en el departamento de Quiché, en el altiplano noroccidental de la República de Guatemala. Es genéticamente muy cercana al idioma awakateko y dependiendo de su variante, se autodenomina Ixil chajuleño o Ixil nebajeño, en referencia a los poblados de San Gaspar Chajul y Santa Maria Nebaj localizados en Quiché, lugares donde tuvo origen la lengua y etnia ixil. [5]

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[fr] Ixil (langue)

L'ixil est une langue maya parlée au Guatemala.

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[it] Lingua ixil

L'ixil-maya è una delle 21 diverse lingue maya del Guatemala.

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[ru] Ишильский язык

Иши́льский язык (ишиль; самоназв. ixil) — язык ишилей, один из майяских языков на западе Гватемалы. Распространён на севере гор Кучуматанес (департамент Эль-Киче).

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