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Tojolabal is a Mayan language spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. It is related to the Chuj language spoken in Guatemala. Tojolabal is spoken, principally in the departments of the Chiapanecan Colonia of Las Margaritas, by about 70,000 people.[1]

Tojolabal
Tojolꞌabꞌal
Native to	Mexico
Region	Southeast Chiapas
Ethnicity	Tojolabal
Native speakers	67,000 (2020 census)[1]
Language family	Mayan Qʼanjobalan–Chujean Chujean Tojolabal
Language codes
ISO 639-3	toj
Glottolog	tojo1241
ELP	Tojolabal
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The name Tojolabal derives from the phrase [tohol aˈbal], meaning "right language". Nineteenth-century documents sometimes refer to the language and its speakers as "Chaneabal" (meaning "four languages", possibly a reference to the four Mayan languages – Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Tojolabal, and Chuj—spoken in the Chiapas highlands and nearby lowlands along the Guatemala border).

Anthropologist Carlos Lenkersdorf has claimed several linguistic and cultural features of the Tojolabal, primarily the language's ergativity, show that they do not give cognitive weight to the distinctions subject/object, active/passive. This he interprets as being evidence in favor of the controversial Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Tojolabʼal-language programming is carried by the CDI's radio station XEVFS, broadcasting from Las Margaritas.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	ts	tʃ	k	ʔ
	ejective		tʼ	tsʼ	tʃʼ	kʼ
	implosive	ɓ
Fricative			s		ʃ		h
Tap			ɾ
Approximant		w	l		j

• [ɾ] is mostly heard from Spanish loanwords.[2]
• Voiced stop sounds [b, d, ɡ] are also heard from Spanish loanwords.[3]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

References

• Lenkersdorf, Carlos (1996). Los hombres verdaderos. Voces y testimonios tojolabales. Lengua y sociedad, naturaleza cite y cultura, artes y comunidad cósmica. Mexico City: Siglo XXI. ISBN 968-23-1998-6.

External links

• Tojolabʼal Collection of Jill Brody at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America, including audio recordings. Access is restricted but available to researchers by request.

На других языках

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[de] Tojolabal-Sprache

Tojolabal (Tojolab'al, Tojolwinik otik) ist eine indigene Sprache in Mexiko mit etwa 45.000 Sprechern.

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- [en] Tojolabʼal language

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[es] Idioma tojolabal

El Tojolabal (tojol-ab'al) es una lengua mayense hablada por la etnia del mismo nombre (véase: tojolabales) que habita en la zona centro oriental del Estado Chiapas, en México. Es una de las aproximadamente 30 lenguas mayas que se reconocen actualmente. Según las estadísticas, su número de hablantes asciende a 43 369 (véase: enlistado I.N.E.G.I. )[1] que viven en las zonas rurales de los municipios de Las Margaritas, Comitán de Domínguez, La Independencia, La Trinitaria, Maravilla Tenejapa, Ocosingo y Altamirano, de acuerdo con el Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales del INALI 2008.

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[fr] Tojolabal

Le tojolabal est une langue maya parlée au Mexique, essentiellement dans les municipios de Las Margaritas et d'Altamirano, situés dans le Chiapas, par les Tojolabals[2].

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[ru] Тохолабальский язык

Тохолабальский язык — один из майяских языков, распространён в мексиканском штате Чьяпас, главным образом в муниципалитетах Лас-Маргаритас и Комитан. Носители — коренные тохолабали, их численность составляет 54,2 тыс. человек.

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