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Chiricahua (also known as Chiricahua Apache) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Chiricahua people in Chihuahua and Sonora, México and in Oklahoma and New Mexico.[2] It is related to Navajo and Western Apache and has been described in great detail by the anthropological linguist Harry Hoijer (1904–1976), especially in Hoijer & Opler (1938) and Hoijer (1946). Hoijer & Opler's Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts, including a grammatical sketch and traditional religious and secular stories, has been converted into an online "book" available from the University of Virginia.

Chiricahua
Ndee bizaa
Native to	Mexico and USA
Region	Sonora, Chihuahua, Oklahoma, New Mexico
Ethnicity	Chiricahua
Native speakers	1,500 (2007)[1]
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Na-Dene Athabaskan Southern Athabaskan Southwestern Apache Western Chiricahua
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Mexico
Regulated by	Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas
Language codes
ISO 639-3	apm
Glottolog	mesc1238
ELP	Mescalero-Chiricahua
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Virginia Klinekole, the first female president of the Mescalero Apache Tribe, was known for her efforts to preserve the language.[3]

There is at least one language-immersion school for children in Mescalero.[4]

Phonology

Consonants

Chiricahua has 31 consonants:

		Bilabial	Alveolar			Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	sibilant	lateral
Stop	unaspirated	p	t	ts	tˡ~tɬ	tʃ		k
	aspirated		tʰ	tsʰ	tɬʰ	tʃʰ		kʰ
	ejective		tʼ	tsʼ	tɬʼ	tʃʼ		kʼ	ʔ
Nasal	simple	m	n
	post-stopped	(mᵇ)	nᵈ
Fricative	voiceless			s	ɬ	ʃ		x	h
	voiced			z	ɮ	ʒ	ʝ	ɣ

Vowels

Chiricahua has 16 vowels:

		Front		Central		Back
		short	long	short	long	short	long
High	oral	i	iː
	nasal	ĩ	ĩː
Mid	oral	ɛ	ɛː			o	oː
	nasal	ɛ̃	ɛ̃ː			õ	õː
Low	oral			a	aː
	nasal			ã	ãː

Chiricahua has phonemic oral, nasal, short, and long vowels.

References

Sources

External links

• Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Texts
• OLAC resources in and about the Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache language
• Goddard, Pliny Earle (1919). San Carlos Apache texts. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
• Rene Romo (2011-11-11). "Apaches work to save language". Alamogordo Daily News. Archived from the original on 2011-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
• Harold Oakes (2012-08-29). "Udall visits Mescalero Apache Schools to talk language preservation". Alamogordo Daily News. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012-09-02.

На других языках

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[de] Mescalero-Chiricahua

Mescalero-Chiricahua, Mescalero-Chiricahau-Apache oder Ndee Bizaa[3] bezeichnet die Sprache der Mescalero Apache und Chiricahua Apache im heutigen Südwesten der Vereinigten Staaten und im Norden von Mexiko, die zum Westlichen Zweig der Apache-Sprachen gehörte und hierbei zu den Süd-Athapaskische Sprachen im engeren Sinn; linguistisch zählt sie zu den Na-Dené-Sprachen.

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- [en] Mescalero-Chiricahua language

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[fr] Chiricahua

Le chiricahua ou apache chiricahua est une langue athapascane méridionale parlée par les Chiricahuas en Oklahoma et au Nouveau-Mexique. Elle est très proche du mescalero, du navajo et de l'apache occidental. Au recensement de 2000, 175 Chiricahuas déclaraient parler la langue.

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[it] Lingua Chiricahua-Mescalero

La lingua Chiricahua-Mescalero (anche conosciuta come Apache Mescalero-Chiricahua) appartiene alla Famiglia linguistica delle Lingue na-dene, sottofamiglia delle Lingue athabaska, ramo Lingue apache. È la lingua parlata dalle tribù dei Mescaleros e dei Chiricahua stanziate in Oklahoma e Nuovo Messico.

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[ru] Мескалеро-чирикауанский апаче

Мескалеро-чирикауанский апаче (Mescalero-Chiricahua, Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache) — находящийся под угрозой исчезновения южноатабаскский язык, на котором говорят племена мескалеро и чирикауа, которые проживают в резервации Мескалеро, а некоторые чирикауа в Форт-Силл штата Оклахома и Нью-Мексико в США. Имеет диалекты мескалеро и чирикауа.

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