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Livvi-Karelian[4] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Russian: ливвиковский язык)[4][5] is a dialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[6] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.

Livvi-Karelian
livvi
Native to	Russia, Finland
Region	between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega, northward of Svir River, Karelia
Native speakers	14,100–25,000 (2000–2010)[1]
Language family	Uralic Finnic Northern Finnic Karelian Livvi-Karelian
Writing system	Latin (Karelian alphabet) Cyrillic (Russia)[citation needed]
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Finland[2] Republic of Karelia (Russia)[3]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	olo
Glottolog	livv1243
ELP	Livvi
Olonetsian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

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History

Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remain a community language are found in Russia.

Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[7]

Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.^{[citation needed]}

Phonology

Vowels

	Front		Back
	rnd.	urnd.	rnd.	urnd.
Close	i iː	y yː		u uː
Mid	e	ø		o
Open	æ		ɑ

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	pal.
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	tʲ		k
	voiced	b	d	dʲ		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		t͡s		t͡ʃ
	voiced				d͡ʒ
Fricative	voiceless	(f)	s		ʃ	(x)	h
	voiced		z		ʒ
Nasal		m	n			(ŋ)
Approximant		ʋ	l		j
Rhotic			r

• Consonants may also occur as geminated or long [Cː].
• Sounds /f, x/ are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
• /h/ can have allophones of [x] or [χ].
• /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding /k/ or /ɡ/.
• Palatalization [ʲ] may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels /i, y/.[8]

See also

• Olonets
• Birch bark letter no. 292

References

External links

• Media related to Livvi-Karelian language at Wikimedia Commons
• Oma Mua – a weekly newspaper in Olonets Karelian Archived 26 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Livvi language resources at Giellatekno

На других языках

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[de] Olonetzische Sprache

Olonetzisch oder Livvisch (Eigenbezeichnung livvi oder liygi) ist eine ostseefinnische Sprache innerhalb der uralischen Sprachfamilie. Sie wird von etwa 20.000 Menschen in der Republik Karelien im Nordwesten Russlands nördlich des Ladogasees gesprochen. Dazu gibt es ca. 5.000 Sprecher in Finnland.[1] Das Olonetzische gehört zusammen mit dem Lüdischen und dem Karelischen selbst zur karelischen Sprachfamilie.

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- [en] Livvi-Karelian language

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[fr] Olonetsien

L’olonetsien, également appelé livvi ou carélien d'Aunus, est une langue fennique de la famille des langues ouraliennes. Il est parlé par les Olonetsiens dans le raïon d’Olonets, dans l’ouest du raïon de Priaja et dans le sud-ouest du raïon de Kontupohja ainsi que dans l’oblast de Léningrad en Russie[1].

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[it] Lingua livvi

Il livvi o oloneziano o careliano di Aunus è una lingua baltofinnica parlata in Russia e Finlandia.

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[ru] Ливвиковское наречие

Ли́ввиковское наре́чие (livvin kieli, livvinkarjala) — одно из трёх основных наречий карельского языка, распространённое среди субэтнической группы карелов-ливвиков. Число говорящих спорно — от 14,1 до 25 тысяч человек, проживающих, в основном, в Олонецкой Карелии, но также и в Финской Карелии (до 3 тысяч человек[3]).

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