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Euro English or European English, less commonly known as EU English, Continental English and EU Speak, is an alleged group of pidgin dialects of the English language as used in Europe, based on common mistranslations and the technical jargon of the European Union (EU) and the native languages of its non-native, English-speaking population. It is mostly used among EU staff, expatriates and migrants from EU countries, young international travellers (such as exchange students in the EU's Erasmus programme) and European diplomats with a lower proficiency in the language.[1][2][3]

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Euro English
European English
Region	European Union
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Ingvaeonic Anglo-Frisian Anglic English Euro English
Early forms	Old English Middle English Early Modern English Modern English
Writing system	Latin (English alphabet) Unified English Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
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History

The usage of the English language in Europe progressed through the 19th century, when the British Empire inherited colonies in mainland Europe such as Malta, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Menorca, Heligoland, and the Ionian Islands, the latter three in modern-day Spain, Germany, and Greece respectively.

The term "Euro English" was first used by Carstensen in 1986 to denote the adoption of anglicisms in Europe.[4]

The enlargement of the European Union over several decades gradually diminished the influence of two of the EU's working languages (German and French). The development of the Erasmus Programme created a new class of mobile Europeans who needed a lingua franca to communicate across Europe.

The question whether the appropriation of English by non-native speakers in Continental Europe is giving rise to a potential European variety of English has not yet been resolved. Mollin rejected Euro-English as a variety of English.[4] According to Forche, many of the features suggested to be characteristic of Euro-English could be identified as learners' mistakes, although there are some nativisation tendencies.

Euro-English was heavily influenced and dominated by British English, due to the United Kingdom having been an EU member state between 1973 and 2020. However, the UK's withdrawal in early 2020 means that the EU's scope of native English dialects has been mostly reduced to the varieties of Hiberno-English spoken in the Republic of Ireland; one source believes that this will allow room for Romance languages to have more of an influence on Euro-English.[5] There is also a possibility of a Romance language replacing English. Since the Exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union in 2020, the Government of France wants to encourage greater use of French as a working language.[6]

Euro English in computers

The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository Project had drafted/defined "en-150" for English in Europe.

EU DGT style guide

The Directorate-General for Translation of the EU has a style guide for the English language to help write clear and readable, regular English. This guide is based on the English spoken in Great Britain, known as British English. It does not consider itself a guide for a distinct EU English that is different from real English, and merely mentions EU-specific terminology as a distinguishing feature.[7]

It prefers British English to American English, but recommends avoiding very colloquial British terms. This style guide defines the thousand separator as space or as a comma, and the plural of euro as euro.[7]

EU glossary

The many years of the EU's existence have led to the appearance of EU-specific vocabulary.

Grammar

Conjugation

Non-native English speakers frequently drop the third person singular suffix (-s). For example: he often call meetings.[2]

Speakers of Euro English, in particular those from Eastern Europe, may use the progressive aspect with stative predicates, such as saying I'm coming from Spain instead of I come from Spain. This is typically not allowed in Standard English, but it is permissible in Euro English.[1][8]

Deixis

A construction that appears with very high frequency in European speakers of English is, for example, Euro English we were five people at the party, as opposed to Standard English there were five people at the party.[1] Such constructions introduce a type of mandatory "clusivity" to the English language, in which the speaker always signifies whether they are a part of some bigger group.

Euro English also features slightly more frequent usage of the indefinite personal pronoun one, such as in one can protect one's country. This mirrors the more frequent usage of such pronouns in European languages, but is also sometimes used as third-person reflexive pronouns, such as with French on and se, Scandinavian sig and sin, German sich, etc.

Inflection

Some words are given a plural with a final "s" in Euro-English, such as "informations" and "competences", to match similar words in European languages (such as informations and compétences in French), while this pluralisation is incorrect in British or American English.[9]

Register

It is extremely frequent among European speakers of English to prefer the singular they in formal contexts, whereas native English speakers in the US and UK have historically considered it an informal colloquialism.[10][11][12] This mirrors the usage of "singular plurals", in terms of levels of formality, in European languages, such as French vous, German Sie, older Spanish vos, Danish and Norwegian De, even though all of these examples are strictly used in the second person.

Vocabulary

Standard English	Euro English	Origin
Current	Actual	The English adjective actual has undergone semantic shift and is now a false friend (cf. cognates in German aktuell, Dutch actueel, French actuel, Romanian/Spanish/Catalan/Galician actual, Portuguese atual, Italian attuale, Czech aktuální, Polish aktualny).[13]
To plan (for), include, provide (for)	To foresee	French prévoir.[14]
Bureaucracy	Berlaymont[1]
Conditions	Conditionality[1]
Six months	Semester[1]
He has retired to his office	He has retired to his cabinet	Unknown[15]
Deadline	Delay[5]	Unknown[15]
Planning	Planification	Formed in imitation of a Romance language; compare French planification, Spanish planificación.[16]
To refrain from doing something	To hop over	Used in Nordic countries.[1]
To be naive	To be blue-eyed	Used in Nordic countries (and is understood in Germany).[1][17]
To overcharge	To salt[1]

The English plural of the word euro was first defined as euro without a final s, before becoming euros with a final s.

See also

• English language
• International English
• African English
• English as a lingua franca

References

Bibliography

• Pinker, Steven (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century. Penguin. ISBN 9780698170308.
• Ross, Michael; West, Keith (2002). Delivering the Framework for Teaching English. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 9780748762620.

Further reading

• English in the European Union – Worlds of English (2/4), Open University
• S.D. (30 September 2011). "Euro-English: Blasting the bombast". The Economist. London.
• Ramsay, Anne (2001). Eurojargon: A Dictionary of the European Union. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

External links

• Euro-English, English in the European Union. Teti Musmeci, Marina Foti
• The Allusionist podcast with Helen Zaltzman

На других языках

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- [en] Euro English

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[it] Euroinglese

L'euroinglese (o Euro English) è una serie di varietà di inglese usati nell'Europa continentale e specialmente nelle istituzioni dell'Unione europea o tra i giovani europei interessati da progetti di mobilità (come il progetto Erasmus).

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