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Guatemalan Spanish (Spanish: Español guatemalteco) is the national variant of Spanish spoken in the Central American country of Guatemala. About 13.7 million of the 17 million population speak Spanish.^{[citation needed]} It includes the use of the second-person singular personal pronoun vos alongside the standard Spanish second-person singular pronouns tú and usted to form a three-level system of second-person singular address.[3]

Guatemalan Spanish
Español guatemalteco
Native to	Guatemala
Region	Central American Spanish
Native speakers	7,2 million (2014)[1] 2,470,000 in Guatemala (2014)
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Romance Western Ibero-Romance West Iberian Castilian Spanish North American Spanish Central American Spanish Guatemalan Spanish
Early forms	Old Latin Classical Latin Vulgar Latin Old Spanish Early Modern Spanish
Writing system	Latin (Spanish alphabet)
Official status
Official language in	Guatemala
Regulated by	Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua
Language codes
ISO 639-1	es
ISO 639-2	spa[2]
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
IETF	es-GT
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Spanish language
A manuscript of the Cantar de mio Cid, 13th century
Overview
Pronunciation stress Orthography Names
History
Old Middle Influences
Grammar
Determiners Nouns gender Pronouns personal object Adjectives Prepositions Verbs conjugation irregular verbs
Dialects
Andalusian Andean Argentine Belizean Bolivian Canarian Caribbean Central American Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Equatoguinean Guatemalan Honduran Mexican Murcian New Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Peninsular Peruvian Philippine Puerto Rican Rioplatense Saharan Salvadorian Standard Uruguayan
Dialectology
seseo yeísmo voseo leísmo loísmo
Interlanguages
Belgranodeutsch Llanito Jopara Judaeo-Spanish Portuñol Spanglish Castrapo Creoles Roquetas Pidgin Chavacano or Chabacano Palenquero or Palenque
Teaching
Hispanism RAE Instituto Cervantes
v t e

Phonetics and phonology

• The presence of Seseo wherein there is no distinction between /θ/ and /s/. Seseo is common to all of Latin American Spanish, and the Andalusian and Canarian Spanish varieties within Spain.
• /x/ is realized as glottal [h].[4][5]
• Syllable-final /s/ is only occasionally aspirated, and only when before consonants or a pause. It's weakened less often than in any other Central American dialect.[6]
• Word-final /n/ is pronounced velar [ŋ].[4][5]
• As Guatemala was part of First Mexican Empire, Guatemalan dialect adopted the voiceless alveolar affricate [t͡s] and the cluster [tl] (originally /tɬ/) represented by the respective digraphs ⟨tz⟩ and ⟨tl⟩ in loanwords of Nahuatl origin, quetzal and tlapalería [t͡ɬapaleˈɾia] ('hardware store'). Even words of Greek and Latin origin with ⟨tl⟩, such as Atlántico and atleta, are pronounced with /tl/: [aˈtlãntiko], [aˈtleta] (compare [aðˈlãntiko], [aðˈleta] in Spain and other dialects in Hispanic America).[7]
• The alveolar trill /r/ is often assibilated to a fricative [ʒ]. Syllable-final /ɾ/ may also be assibilated, often sounding somewhat like [s] or [z], though that's less common among younger and urban speakers. In central Guatemala, /tɾ/ is often pronounced as an affricate, almost like the English [tɹ̝̊]. This is more common after consonants, as in entre 'between'. It's not as frequent in Guatemala as in Costa Rica or the Andes and is less common among younger and urban speakers.[6]

Grammar

Guatemalan Spanish uses vos, alongside tú and usted as second-person singular pronouns.

In Guatemala and El Salvador, indefinite articles are commonly placed before a possessive pronoun, as in una mi tacita de café lit. 'a my cup of coffee'. Very rarely a demonstrative can go before the possessive pronoun, like aquella su idea lit. 'that his/her/their idea'. This construction was occasional in Old Spanish and still found in Judaeo-Spanish, but its frequency in El Salvador and Guatemala is due to similar constructions being found in various Mayan languages.[8]

Vocabulary

A number of words widely used in Guatemala which have Mayan or other native origins, in particular names for flora, fauna and toponyms. Some of these words are used in most, or all, Spanish-speaking countries, like chocolate and aguacate ("avocado"), and some are only used in Mexico and most Central American countries, like Guatemala and El Salvador. The latter include guajolote "turkey" < Nahuatl huaxōlōtl [waˈʃoːloːt͡ɬ] (although chompipe is also used; pavo is also used, as in other Spanish-speaking countries); papalote "kite" < Nahuatl pāpālōtl [paːˈpaːloːt͡ɬ] "butterfly"; and jitomate "tomato" < Nahuatl xītomatl [ʃiːˈtomat͡ɬ]. For a more complete list see List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin. Local words include

There are also many words unique to Central America, for example, chunche or chochadas or babosadas means "thing" or stuff in some places.^{[citation needed]} The words used to describe children (or kids) vary among the countries in Central America; in Guatemala they are often called patojos. Cipotes is also used in Guatemala in the eastern departments. In the western and northern departments of Guatemala "chamacos" is used to say children or kids. In Guatemala and Honduras the word güiros is also used.^{[citation needed]} In Guatemala (also in Honduras and El Salvador) people with money are said to have pisto, a term originally used by Maya peoples in Guatemala.[10]

See also

• Languages of Guatemala
• Central American Spanish

Notes

References

На других языках

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- [en] Guatemalan Spanish

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[es] Español guatemalteco

El español guatemalteco (es-GT[2]) es la variante del castellano que se utiliza en Guatemala. Fonéticamente es un español de tipo conservador, con pocas elisiones. Se da el yeísmo para la /ll/ e /y/. En Guatemala se acostumbra a usar el voseo, característica principal del país.

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