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Pinyin is a Grassfields language spoken by some 27,000 people in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.

For the Chinese romanisation system and other uses, see Pinyin (disambiguation).
Pinyin
RegionNorthwest Region, Cameroon
Native speakers
25,000 (2001)[1]
Language family
Niger–Congo?
  • Atlantic–Congo
    • Volta-Congo
      • Benue–Congo
        • Bantoid
          • Southern Bantoid
            • Grassfields
              • Eastern Grassfields
                • Mbam-Nkam
                  • Ngemba
                    • Pinyin
Language codes
ISO 639-3pny
Glottologpiny1238
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology



Consonants


Consonants
PhonemeAllophonesEnvironmentOrthography
pp⟨p⟩
pʰBefore /u/ in an open syllable.
bAfter /ɴ̩/.⟨b⟩
βBetween vowels within a root.
tt⟨t⟩
kkBeginning of words and of roots within words, and after /ɴ̩/.⟨k⟩
ʔOnly C found at ends of words.⟨’⟩
kʷkʷ⟨kw⟩
llIn roots.⟨l⟩
ɾIn suffixes.⟨r⟩
dAfter /ɴ̩/.⟨d⟩
ɣɣ⟨ɡh⟩
ɡAfter /ɴ̩/.⟨ɡ⟩
ɣʷɡʷAfter /ɴ̩/.⟨ɡw⟩
ff⟨f⟩
ss/ts/ after /ɴ̩/.⟨s⟩
tsts⟨ts⟩
zz⟨z⟩
dzAfter /ɴ̩/.
ʃʃ/tʃ/ after /ɴ̩/.⟨sh⟩
tʃtʃ⟨ch⟩
ʒʒ⟨zh⟩
dʒAfter /ɴ̩/.⟨j⟩
mm⟨m⟩
nn⟨n⟩
ɲɲ⟨ny⟩
ŋŋ⟨ŋ⟩
N̩m̩ n̩ ŋ̍Homorganic with following C. Carries tone.⟨m⟩, ⟨n⟩
ww⟨w⟩
ɥɥ⟨ẅ⟩
jj⟨y⟩

Sequences are:

py (mby), ly (ndy), ty, ky, ngy, my, kẅ, ngẅ (= /kʷj, ɡʷj/)
pw (mbw), lw (ndw), tw, tsw, chw, shw, sw, zw, zhw, nw, nyw, ŋw

All noun and verb roots begin with a consonant; initial vowels are necessarily prefixes. Only /a, ɨ/ occur in prefixes or at the beginning of words, and only /ə/ occurs in suffixes. /ɨ, y/ do not occur at the ends of words.


Vowels


Vowels
PhonemeOrthography
ii
yʉ
ɛe
aa
ɔo
uu
əə
ɨɨ

All known long vowels may occur medially or at ends of words, none at the beginning, though long /ɛ, y/ are not attested. Long vowels are written double: aa, əə, ii, ‿ɨɨ, oo, uu. Diphthongs ie, iə, ʉə, ɨə, uə take a single tone.

Tones are high, mid, low, rising, falling. They are written as in IPA, apart from low, which is not written: á ā a ǎ â. Falling tone is largely confined to suffixes, and rising tone is rare, found only on a few nouns such as tǎ 'father'.


References


  1. Pinyin at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

На других языках

[de] Pinyin (Sprache)

Das Pinyin ist eine bantoide Sprache, die von insgesamt etwa 27.000 Personen in der Region Nordwesten des Kamerun gesprochen wird.
- [en] Pinyin language

[fr] Pinyin (langue)

Le pinyin (ou bapinyi, pelimpo) est une langue bantoue du groupe ngemba, parlée au Cameroun, dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, le département du Mezam, au sud-ouest de l'arrondissement de Bamenda[1].

[ru] Пиньин (язык)

Пиньин (Bapinyi, Pelimpo, Pinyin) — бантоидный язык, на котором говорят в департаменте Мезам, юго-западнее коммуны Баменда и города Баменда (Северо-Западный регион Камеруна).


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