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Basaa (also spelled Bassa, Basa, Bissa), or Mbene, is a Bantu language spoken in Cameroon by the Basaa people. It is spoken by about 300,000 people in the Centre and Littoral regions.
| Basaa | |
|---|---|
| Mbene | |
| ɓasaá, ɓàsàa | |
| Native to | Cameroon |
| Region | Centre and Littoral Provinces |
Native speakers | 300,000 (2005 SIL)[1] |
Language family | Niger–Congo?
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | bas |
| ISO 639-3 | bas |
| Glottolog | basa1284 |
Guthrie code | A.43a[2] |
Maho (2009) lists North and South Kogo as dialects.
Background and Origin
Basaa is spoken by 230,000 speakers. They live in Nyong-et-Kelle (Central Region) and Sanaga Maritime (with the exception of the Edéa commune, which has a Bakoko majority) and most of Nkam commune (Littoral Region). In the western and northern parts of this department, the peripheral Basaa dialects are spoken: Yabasi in the commune of Yabassi, Diɓuum in the commune of Nkondjok (Diboum Canton), north of Ndemli and Dimbamban.
Similarly, Basaa Baduala is spoken in Wouri Department (Littoral Region), traditional Basaa territory that is being transformed by the growth of Douala. Basaa is also found in Océan Department (commune of Bipindi, Southern Region).
Hijuk is spoken only in the quarter of Niki in Batanga commune, in Yangben Canton (Ch. Paulian (1980)) by 400 people. Hijuk is a Basaa dialect, despite its geographical location in the southeast of Bokito arrondissement (Mbam-et-Inoubou department, Central Region).[3]
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː |
| Close-mid | e eː | o oː |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː |
| Open | a aː | |
Consonants
| Bilabial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | c ɟ | k | kʷ ɡʷ |
| Implosive | ɓ | ||||
| Fricative | s | x | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ |
| Prenasalized stop | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | |
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Approximant | j | w |
- When not root-initial and not after a pause, the voiceless stops /p t k/ are realized as voiced stops or voiced fricatives.
Tone
Basaa contrasts four tones: high, low, high-to-low (falling) and low-to-high (rising).
Orthography
The language uses a Latin-based alphabet, with the addition of the letters Ɓɓ, Ɛɛ, Ŋŋ, Ɔɔ, ten multigraphs, as well as acute, grave, and circumflex accents:[4]
| Capital | Small |
|---|---|
| A | a |
| B | b |
| Ɓ | ɓ |
| C | c |
| D | d |
| E | e |
| Ɛ | ɛ |
| F | f |
| G | g |
| GW | gw |
| H | h |
| HY | hy |
| I | i |
| J | j |
| K | k |
| KW | kw |
| L | l |
| M | m |
| MB | mb |
| N | n |
| NJ | nj |
| NY | ny |
| ND | nd |
| Ŋ | ŋ |
| ŊG | ŋg |
| ŊGW | ŋgw |
| ŊW | ŋw |
| O | o |
| Ɔ | ɔ |
| P | p |
| R | r |
| S | s |
| T | t |
| U | u |
| V | v |
| W | w |
| Y | y |
Macron and caron diacritics may be used for marking tone in reference works, for example the dictionary by Pierre Emmanuel Njock.
References
- Basaa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069.
- Hartell, Rhonda L. (1993). Alphabets of Africa. Dakar, Senegal: Regional Office for Education in Africa, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Unesco-Dakar Regional Office. p. 66. ISBN 9290910203. OCLC 35148690.
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Bibliography
- Hyman, Larry M. (2003). "Basaá (A.43)". In Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard (eds.). The Bantu Languages (PDF). Routledge. pp. 257–282. ISBN 0-7007-1134-1.
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Basaa language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
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На других языках
[de] Bassa (Bantusprache)
Bassa (auch Basa, Basaa, Bicek, Bikyek, Bisaa, Mbele, Mee, Mvele, Nord-Mbene und Tupen) ist die Sprache des Bassa-Volkes in Kamerun.- [en] Basaa language
[es] Idioma basaa
El idioma basaa o mbene (también llamado basa, bissa) es una lengua bantú hablada en Camerún. Tiene alrededor de 230 000 hablantes.[fr] Bassa (langue bantoue)
Le bassa ou basaá est une langue bantoue parlée par plus de 2 000 000 personnes au Cameroun (5 % de la population camerounaise)[1], autour de la ville d'Édéa, entre Douala et Yaoundé et aussi, majoritairement dans la ville de Douala, capitale économique et minoritairement dans la capitale politique (Yaounde). C’est la langue traditionnelle du peuple Bassa.[ru] Баса (язык)
Баса (Ɓasaá) — бантоидный язык, один из языков Камеруна, распространён в Центральном и Прибрежном регионах (департаменты Ньонг и Келле, Нкам, Санага-Маритим). Алфавит на базе общекамерунского алфавита. Количество говорящих по оценке 2005 года составляет около 300 тыс. человек[1].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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