lingvo.wikisort.org - Language
Ewondo or Kolo is the language of the Ewondo people (more precisely Beti be Kolo or simply Kolo-Beti) of Cameroon. The language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is a trade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bamvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti, Enoah, Evouzok, Fong, Mbida-Bani, Mvete, Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yabeka, and Yabekanga. Ewondo speakers live primarily in Cameroon's Centre Region and the northern part of the Océan division in the South Region.
| Ewondo | |
|---|---|
| Kolo | |
| Region | Cameroon |
Native speakers | (580,000 cited 1982)[1] |
Language family | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Cameroon |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | ewo |
| ISO 639-3 | ewo |
| Glottolog | ewon1239 |
A.72[2] | |
Ewondo is a Bantu language. It is a dialect of the Beti language (Yaunde-Fang), and is intelligible with Bulu, Eton, and Fang.
In 2011 there was a concern among Cameroonian linguists that the language was being displaced in the country by French.[3]
Distribution
Ewondo (Beti) covers the whole of the departments of Mfoundi, Mefou-et-Afamba, Mefou-et-Akono, Nyong-et-So'o, Nyong-et-Mfoumou (Central Region), and part of Océan Department (Southern Region).[4]
History
The Ewondo language originated in the forests south of the Sanaga river.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ᵐɡ͡b | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | ||||||
| prenasal | ⁿd͡z | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| prenasal | ᶬv | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | ə | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Alphabet system
| Uppercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | D | Dz | E | Ə | Ɛ | F | G | Gb | H | I | K | Kp | L | M | Mb | Mgb | Mv | N | Nd | Ndz | Ng | Ny | Ŋ | O | Ɔ | P | R | U | T | Ts | S | V | W | Y | Z |
| Lowercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | d | dz | e | ə | ɛ | f | g | gb | h | i | k | kp | l | m | mb | mgb | mv | n | nd | ndz | ng | ny | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | ts | s | v | w | y | z |
| Phonemes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | d | d͡z | e | ə | ɛ | f | ɡ | ɡ͡b | h | i | k | k͡p | l | m | m͡b | mɡ͡b | ɱ͡v | n | n͡d | nd͡z | ŋ͡ɡ | ɲ | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | t͡s | s | v | w | j | z |
The tones are indicated with diacritics on the vowels:
- the high tone is indicated with an acute accent: á é ə́ ɛ́ í ó ɔ́ ú;
- the mid tone is indicated with a macron: ā ē ə̄ ɛ̄ ī ō ɔ̄ ū;
- the low tone, the most frequent tone, is indicated by the absence of diacritics: a e ə ɛ i o ɔ u;
- the rising tone is indicated with a caron: ǎ ě ə̌ ɛ̌ ǐ ǒ ɔ̌ ǔ;
- the falling tone is indicated with a circumflex: â ê ə̂ ɛ̂ î ô ɔ̂ û.
See also
References
- Ewondo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- http://quotidien.mutations-multimedia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2962:patrimoine-la-langue-ewondo-a-son-dictionnaire&catid=58:news&Itemid=415%5B%5D
- Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012). Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA. ISBN 9789956796069.
- Owona, Antoine (2004). L'orthographe harmonisée de l'ewondo. Université de Yaoundé.
External links
На других языках
[de] Ewondo
Ewondo (auch Ewundu, Jaunde, Yaounde und Yaunde) ist eine Bantusprache, die von den circa 600.000 Sprechern (Zensus 1982) der gleichnamigen Ethnie im Süden Kameruns gesprochen wird.- [en] Ewondo language
[fr] Ewondo
L'ewondo ou plus exactement le kóló est une langue parlée dans la partie centrale du Cameroun par plus de 2 500 000 personnes c'est la langue nationale la plus parlée à Yaoundé la capitale et les régions voisines. Elle est similaire, à quelques exceptions près, à d'autres langues du Cameroun comme l'ìtón (ou eton), ou encore le nnanga.[ru] Эвондо
Эвондо, яунде — язык банту, один из языков Камеруна, лингва франка в Центральном и Южном регионе, близок к языкам булу, этон, фанг. Распространён в департаментах Мфунди, Мефу и Афамба, Мефу и Аконо, Ньонг и Соо, Ньонг и Мфуму (Центральный регион) и в части департамента Осеан (Южный регион)[2]. Количество говорящих — 578 000 человек (1982)[1].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии