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Ngambay (also known as Sara, Sara Ngambai, Gamba, Gambaye, Gamblai and Ngambai) is one of the major languages spoken by Sara people in southwestern Chad, northeastern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, with about a million native speakers. Ngambay is the most widely spoken of the Sara languages, and is used as a trade language between speakers of other dialects. It is spoken by the Sara Gambai people.
| Ngambay | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria |
| Ethnicity | Sara |
Native speakers | 950,000 (2005–2006)[1] |
Language family | Nilo-Saharan?
|
Writing system | Latin |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sba |
| Glottolog | ngam1268 |
Ngambay has Subject–Verb–Object word order.[2] Suffixes indicate case.[2] There is no tense; aspect is indicated by a perfective–imperfective distinction.[2] Modifiers follow nouns.[2] The numeral system is decimal, but eight and nine are expressed as 10-minus-two and 10-minus-one.[3] It is a tone language with three tones: high, mid, and low.[4] There are loan words from both Arabic and French.[4]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Labial- velar |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |||
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | |||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿd͡ʒ | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | s | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
| Trill/Flap | ⱱ | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
Vowels/Nasals
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | u ũ | |
| Close-mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | ə | o õ |
| Open-mid | ɔ ɔ̃ | ||
| Open | a ã |
Vowels can be accented or nasalised. Diacritics and accents include high /á/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and nasalised /ã/.[5]
References
- Ngambay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- The World Atlas of Language Structures Online: Ngambay. Accessed November, 2008.
- Numeral Systems of the World's Languages: Ngambay. Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute, Leipzig. Accessed November, 2008.
- 50 Lessons in Sara-Ngambay, Volume 1., by Linda J. Thayer, James E. Thayer, Noé Kyambé and Adoum Eloi Gondjé. Indiana University, 1971. Accessed November 2008.
- Sarah Moeller, Mekoulnodji Ndjerareou, Christy Melick (2010). A Brief Grammatical Sketch of Ngambay (PDF).
External links
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
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На других языках
- [en] Ngambay language
[fr] Ngambay
Le ngambay (ou gamba, gambai, gambaye, gamb-lai, ngambai, sara, dara ngambai) est une langue sara parlée au sud-ouest du Tchad, au nord-est du Cameroun et dans l'est du Nigeria[1].[ru] Нгамбайский язык
Нгамбай (также гамба, гамблай, сара-нгамбай) — один из языков сара, относящихся к ветви бонго-багирми центральносуданской семьи нило-сахарской макросемьи. Распространён в юго-западной части Чада (регионы Западный Логон и Восточный Логон), а также в некоторых прилегающих районах Камеруна (департамент Майо-Рей Северного региона)и Нигерии. Почти полностью взаимопонятен с языком лака, который возможно является диалектом нгамбай. По данным на 2013 год число носителей в Чаде составляет около 1320 тыс. человек.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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