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South Semitic is a putative branch of the Semitic languages, which form a branch of the larger Afro-Asiatic language family, found in (North and East) Africa and Western Asia.

For the family ancient writing systems, see South Semitic scripts.
South Semitic
Geographic
distribution		Yemen, Oman, Ethiopia, Eritrea
Linguistic classificationAfro-Asiatic
Subdivisions
GlottologNone

History


The "homeland" of the South Semitic languages is widely debated, with sources such as A. Murtonen (1967) and Lionel Bender (1997)[1] suggesting an origin in Ethiopia and others suggesting the southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula.[2] A 2009 study based on a Bayesian model to estimate language change concluded that the latter viewpoint is more probable.[3] This statistical analysis could not estimate when or where the ancestor of all Semitic languages diverged from Afroasiatic but it suggested that the divergence of the East, Central, and South Semitic branches occurred in the Levant.[4]


Classification


South Semitic is divided into two uncontroversial branches:[5]


Demographics


The Ethiopian Semitic languages collectively have by far the greatest numbers of modern native speakers of any Semitic language other than Arabic. Eritrea's main languages are mainly Tigrinya and Tigre, which are North Ethiopic languages, and Amharic (South Ethiopic) is the main language spoken in Ethiopia (along with Tigrinya in the northern province of Tigray). Ge'ez continues to be used in Eritrea and Ethiopia as a liturgical language for the Orthodox Tewahedo churches.

Southern Arabian languages have been increasingly eclipsed by the more dominant Arabic (also a Semitic language) for more than a millennium. Ethnologue lists six modern members of the South Arabian branch and 15 members of the Ethiopian branch.[6]


See also



References


  1. Bender, L. (1997). "Upside Down Afrasian". Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere. 50: 19–34.
  2. Hetzron, Robert (1972). Ethiopian Semitic: Studies in Classification. Manchester University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780719011238.
  3. Kitchen, Andrew; Ehret, Christopher; et al. (22 June 2009). "Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1665).
  4. Kitchen, A.; Ehret, C.; Assefa, S.; Mulligan, C. J. (29 April 2009). "Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1668): 2703–10. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0408. PMC 2839953. PMID 19403539.
  5. Faber, Alice (1997). "Genetic Subgrouping of the Semitic Languages". In Hetzron, Robert (ed.). The Semitic Languages. Routledge. pp. 3–15.
  6. "South". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-07-04.

На других языках

- [en] South Semitic languages

[es] Lenguas semíticas meridionales

Las lenguas semíticas meridionales constituyen una rama de la familia semítica ampliamente aceptada como grupo filogenético válido.

[it] Lingue semitiche meridionali

Le lingue semitiche meridionali,[1][2] o sud semitiche, sono un ramo delle lingue semitiche parlate in Africa nord-orientale e in Asia del sud-ovest.

[ru] Южносемитские языки

Южносеми́тские языки — предполагаемая группа внутри семитской языковой семьи. К южносемитским относятся эфиосемитские и современные южноаравийские языки.


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