lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Search / Calendar

Dahalik (ዳሃሊክ [haka (na)] dahālík, "[language (of)] the people of Dahlak";[2] also Dahaalik, Dahlik, Dahlak) is an Afroasiatic language spoken exclusively in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea. Its speech area is off the coast of Massawa, on three islands in the Dahlak Archipelago: Dahlak Kebir, Nora, and Dehil.

Dahalik
Dahaalik, Dahalik, Dahlak
Native toEritrea
RegionDahlak Archipelago
Native speakers
2,500 (2012)[1]
Language family
Afro-Asiatic
Language codes
ISO 639-3dlk
Glottologdaha1247
ELPDahālík
Linguistic map of Eritrea; Dahalik is spoken in the dark purple island region (the coastal region, a lighter shade of purple, is the Arabic-speaking area)

Dahalik belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family's Semitic branch, a member of the Northern branch of the Ethiopic group, and is closely related to Tigre and Tigrinya. It is said to be not mutually intelligible with Tigre and, according to Simeone-Senelle, is sufficiently different to be considered a separate language.[3] However, there are those who disagree.[4]


Status


Dahalik is spoken on the Dahlak Archipelago, an island group belonging to Eritrea in the Red Sea. On the archipelago, most people are speakers of Dahalik with smaller populations of Arabic and Afar native speakers. The situation is different for every village: Durrubishet and Dasquo have almost universal use of Dahalik, while other villages have a greater mix of languages. Most islanders are multilingual in Dahalik, Arabic, and Afar, while the language of education is Arabic. Most Dahalik men have regular contact with Arabic, Tigre, and Afar, and any mixed marriages usually result in the children learning two mother tongues. Dahalik speakers also consider their language to be a mix of Arabic, Tigre, and a small amount of Tigrinya. Overall, there are only a few elderly monolingual speakers of Dahalik. However, Dahalik speakers do have positive attitudes towards the language and see it as an essential part of their cultural identity.[5]


Phonology



Vowels


/ɛ/ might be another vowel. The vowel /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.[5]

Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Open-mid e o
Open a

Consonants


Dahalik has 21 consonants.[5]

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain ejective
Plosive voiceless t c k q
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless f s ç (χ) ħ h
voiced ʝ (ʁ) ʕ ɦ
Nasal m n
Approximant l j w
Trill r

Morphology



Pronouns


Dahalik has two different forms for second and third person pronouns, one masculine and one feminine.[5]

Masculine
Singular Plural
First ana neħna
Second enta intum
Third itu itun
Feminine
Singular Plural
First ana neħna
Second enti intun
Third ita itan

Dahalik also has dependent (object) pronouns, suffixed to the end of the word.[5]

Masculine
Singular Plural
First -(h)e, -ni -na
Second -ak -kum
Third -o, -(h)u -(h)um
Feminine
Singular Plural
First -(he), -ni -na
Second -ik -kan
Third -a -(h)an

Verbs


The word order of a simple sentence in Dahalik is subject–object–verb. For conditional subordinate clauses, the subordinating marker ('if' or something similar) is at the end of the clause or just before the verb in the subordinating clause.[5]


References


  1. Dahalik at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
  2. Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle: Dahālík, a newly discovered Afro-Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), in: shaebia.org, 2005
    • Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude. 2000. 'Situation linguistique dans le sud de l'Erythrée', in Wolff/Gensler (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics, 1997, Köln: Köppe, p. 261–276.
  3. Idris, S. M. 2012. Dahalik: An Endangered Language or a Tigre Variety? Journal of Eritrean Studies 6 (1): 51–74.
  4. Simeone-Senelle, Marie-Claude. "A Survey of the Dahalik language, an Afro Semitic language spoken exclusively in Eritrea" (PDF). HAL.




На других языках


[de] Dahalik

Dahalik (auch Dahlik oder Dahaalik; Eigenbezeichnung: [haka (na)] dahālík „[Sprache (der)] Leute von Dahlak“[1]) ist eine äthio-semitische Sprache, die auf drei Inseln des Dahlak-Archipels vor Eritrea gesprochen wird.
- [en] Dahalik language

[it] Lingua dahlik

La lingua dahlik ([haka (na)] dahālík, "[lingua del] popolo Dahlak";[1] anche denominato Dahaalik, Dahalik, Dahlac) è una lingua parlata esclusivamente in Eritrea, sulle tre isole dell'arcipelago delle Dahlak: Dahlak Kebir, Nora e Dehil. Solo dal 1996 alcuni linguisti si sono accorti della caratteristiche di questo linguaggio, che era sempre stato considerato un dialetto del tigrino, ed hanno proposto di considerarlo una lingua a sé stante. Attualmente viene parlato da circa 2500–3000 locutori.

[ru] Дахлик

Дахли́к (дахаалик, дахалик, дахлак) — недавно (1996 г.) открытый язык, на котором говорят только в Эритрее у побережья Массауы, на трёх островах архипелага Дахлак: о. Дахлак Кебир, о. Нора и о. Дехил. Язык насчитывает 2,5—3 тысячи носителей.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии