lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Mnong language (also known as Pnong or Bunong) (Bunong: ឞូន៝ង) belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family. It is spoken by the different groups of Mnong in Vietnam and a Pnong group in Cambodia.
Austroasiatic language spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia
Mnong |
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Native to | Vietnam, Cambodia and United States |
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Region | throughout Tây Nguyên region, especially in Đắk Lắk, Lâm Đồng, Đắk Nông and Bình Phước provinces; Mondulkiri in Cambodia |
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Native speakers | 130,000 (2002–2008)[1] |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Khmer Latin (Vietnamese alphabet) |
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ISO 639-3 | Variously:
cmo – Central Mnong
mng – Eastern Mnong
mnn – Southern Mnong
rka – Kraol |
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Glottolog | mnon1259 |
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ELP | Central Mnong |
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| Kraol[2] |
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Distribution
In Vietnam, Mnong is spoken in the districts of Đăk Song, Đăk Mil, Đăk R'Lấp, Krông Nô, Gia Nghĩa, and other nearby locations in Đắk Nông Province (Nguyễn & Trương 2009).
Varieties
According to Ethnologue, four major dialects exist: Central, Eastern and Southern Mnong (all spoken in Vietnam), and Kraol (spoken in Cambodia). Within a dialect group, members do not understand other dialects. The Mnong language was studied first by the linguist Richard Phillips in the early 1970s.[3][4]
Lê, et al. (2014:234-235)[5] lists the following subgroups of Mnong and their respective locations.
- Mnông Gar: in northwestern Lâm Đồng Province and southern Lak Lake.
- Mnông Nong: in Đắk Nông District and Đắk Min District
- Mnông Kuênh: in Krông Pắk District
- Mnông Pré: mainly in Đắk Nông District and Đắk Min District, and a few at Lak Lake.
- Mnông Prâng: scattered in Đắk Nông District and Đắk Min District, and a few in southern Lak Lake and in Bản Đon, Ea Súp District.
- Mnông Rlâm: in Lắk District. Many have close relationships with the Ê-đê people.
- Mnông Bu-đâng: in Bản Đon, Ea Súp District
- Mnông Chỉl: in Lắk District. Many have close relationships with the Ê-đê people. Some also live in Lạc Dương District and Đức Trọng District of Lâm Đồng Province.
- Mnông Bu Nor: in Đắk Nông District and Đắk Min District
- Mnông Dih Bri: very small population in Đắk Nông District; Êa Krông.
- Mnông Đíp: Đắk Min District and the northern part of former Sông Bé Province.
- Mnông Biat: small population in former Sông Bé Province. Majority living around the Vietnam-Cambodia border.
- Mnông Bu Đêh: in former Sông Bé Province and Đắk Lắk Province
- Mnông Si Tô: a group of Mạ (Mạ Tô) people in Đắk Nông District who have become assimilated into the Mnông population ("Mnông-ized" Mạ people)
- Mnông K’ah: a group of Ê-đê people scattered across Đắk Nông District, Lắk District, and M'Đrăk District who have become assimilated into the Mnông population ("Mnông-ized" Ê-đê people)
- Mnông Phê Đâm: small population living only in Quảng Tín commune, Đắk Nông District.
Other minor Mnong ethnic groups include the Mnông Rơ Đe, Mnông R’Ông, and Mnông K’Ziêng.
Nguyễn & Trương (2009) cover the following M'Nông dialects.
- M'Nông Preh
- Kuênh
- Mạ
- M'Nông Nâr (Bu Nâr)
- M'Nông Noong (Bu Noong)
- M'Nông R'Lâm
- M'Nông Prâng
Numerals
The following comparative numerals from various Mnong dialects are from Nguyễn & Trương (2009).
Gloss | Preh | Bu Noong | Bu Nâr | Prâng | R'Lâm | Mạ | Kuênh |
1 | du, ngoay, hŏ | muay | waay | dul | ju | dul | đu |
2 | bar | bar | ra'r | baar | bar | bar | par |
3 | pê | pê | per | păi | pay | pê | |
4 | puăn | puăn | waam | puôn | puan | puôn | |
5 | prăm | prăm | t'rơ̆m, năm | prăm, năm | năm | jorăm, sơ năm | snăm |
6 | prau | | | | | | |
7 | poh | poh | pops | pŏh | poh | poh | pêh |
8 | pham | | | | | | |
9 | dŭm, sĭn | sĭn | chĭnh | sin | dưm | sin | |
10 | jât | jât | dư | joơt | mât | jơt | |
References
- Central Mnong at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Eastern Mnong at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Southern Mnong at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Kraol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - Endangered Languages Project data for Kraol.
- Harry Leonard Shorto; Jeremy Hugh Chauncy; Shane Davidson (1991). Austroasiatic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 0-7286-0183-4.
- "Language Family Trees". ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- Lê Bá Thảo, Hoàng Ma, et al.; Viện hàn lâm khoa học xã hội Việt Nam - Viện dân tộc học. 2014. Các dân tộc ít người ở Việt Nam: các tỉnh phía nam. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội. ISBN 978-604-90-2436-8
Further reading
- Blood, Henry Florentine. A Reconstruction of Proto-Mnong. Waxhaw, N.C.: Wycliffe-JAARS Print Shop, 1968.
- Nguyễn Kiên Trường & Trương Anh. 2009. Từ Điển Việt - M'Nông. Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Từ Điển Bách Khoa.
External links
Languages of Cambodia |
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Official language | |
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Indigenous languages | |
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Main foreign languages | |
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Austroasiatic languages |
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Katuic |
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West Katuic | |
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Ta'oihic | |
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Pacoh | |
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Katu | |
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Vietic |
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Viet-Muong | |
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Cuoi | |
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Chutic | |
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Kri | |
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Phong–Liha | |
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Pearic |
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Pear | |
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Western Pearic (Chong) | Central |
- Central Chong
- Samre
- Kasong
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Western | |
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Northern | |
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Southern | |
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Khasi–Palaungic |
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Khasic | |
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Palaungic | Danau | |
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West Palaungic | |
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East Palaungic | Angkuic | |
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Waic | |
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Bit-Khang | |
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Lamet | |
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others | |
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Munda |
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North | |
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South | Kharia | |
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Juang | |
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Sora-Gorum | |
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Gutob-Remo | |
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Gta’ | |
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Nicobarese |
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Chaura-Teresa | |
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Central | |
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Southern | |
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Aslian |
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Jahaic (Northern) | |
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Senoic (Central) | |
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Jah Hut | |
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Semelaic (Southern) | |
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unclassified | |
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Proto-languages |
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- Proto-Austroasiatic
- Proto-Palaungic
- Proto-Khmeric
- Proto-Aslian
- Proto-Munda
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Italics indicates extinct languages |
На других языках
- [en] Mnong language
[fr] Langues mnong
Les langues mnong, ou le mnong et ses dialectes, aussi appelé pnong ou bunong, sont des langues du sous-groupe bahnarique dans la famille des langues austroasiatiques. Elles sont parlées par différents groupes mnongs au Vietnam et un groupe mnong au Cambodge.
[ru] Мнонгский язык
Мнонгский язык (мнонг) — австроазиатский язык. На нём говорят различные группы мнонгов во Вьетнаме и мнонгская группа в Камбодже. Распространены в Центральном Вьетнаме, в особенности, в провинциях Даклак, Ламдонг, Дакнонг, Биньфыок, а также в провинции Мондолькири в Камбодже.
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