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The Kharia language (IPA: [kʰaɽija] or IPA: [kʰeɽija][2]) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family, that is primarily spoken by the Kharia people of eastern India.

Kharia
खड़िया, ଖଡ଼ିଆ
Region	India (Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha).
Ethnicity	Kharia
Native speakers	297,614, 69% of ethnic population (2011 census)[1]
Language family	Austroasiatic Munda South Kharia
Writing system	Devanagari, Odia, Latin
Official status
Official language in	India Jharkhand (additional)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	khr
Glottolog	khar1287
ELP	Kharia

History

According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austroasiatic languages arrived on the coast of Odisha from Southeast Asia about 4000-3500 years ago.[3]

Classification

Kharia belongs to the Kharia–Juang branch of the Munda language family. Its closest extant relative is the Juang language, but the relationship between Kharia and Juang is remote.

The most widely cited classification places Kharia and Juang together as a subgroup of the South Munda branch of the Munda family. However, some earlier classification schemes placed Kharia and Juang together, as an independent branch deriving from the root of the Munda languages, which they named Central Munda.

Kharia is in contact with Sadri (the local lingua franca), Mundari, Kurukh, Hindi, and Odia (in Odisha).[2]

Distribution

Kharia speakers are located in the following districts of India.[2]

• Jharkhand
  • Simdega district
  • Gumla district
• Chhattisgarh
  • Surguja district
  • Raigarh district
• Odisha
  • Sundargarh district
  • Jharsuguda district

Phonology

Kharia consonants[4]

		Labial	(Labio-) Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n	ɳ	ɲ	ŋ
Stop/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t̪	t͡s	ʈ		k
	voiceless aspirated		t̪ʰ	t͡sʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪	ɗ		ɟ	ɡ
	voiced aspirated	bʱ	d̪ʱ	ɗʱ		ɟʱ	ɡʱ
	glottalised	ˀb		ˀɗ		ˀɟ
Fricative		ɸ	f	s				ɦ
Approximant				l		j
Tap/Trill	unaspirated			ɾ	ɽ
	aspirated				ɽʱ

Kharia vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open	æ	a
Diphthong	/ao, oi, ou, ui/

References

• Gagan Chandra Banerjee (1894). Introduction to the Khariā Language. Bengal Secretariat Press. ISBN 9788120617728. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
• Peterson, John. 2008. "Kharia". In Anderson, Gregory D.S (ed). The Munda languages, 434–507. Routledge Language Family Series 3.New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.

External links

• Online Kharia Dictionary

На других языках

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[de] Kharia (Sprache)

Kharia ist eine Süd-Munda-Sprache, welche vom Volk der Kharia hauptsächlich im Südwesten des indischen Bundesstaates Jharkhand und den benachbarten Gebieten der Bundesstaaten Chattisgarh und Orissa von etwa 280.000 Menschen gesprochen wird. Sie wird vor allem mit der Devanagari-Schrift geschrieben.

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- [en] Kharia language

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