lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageSemai (engrok Semai) is a Austroasiatic language of western Malaysia spoken by about 60,438 Semai people. It is one of the few Aslian languages which are not endangered, and even has 2,000 monolingual speakers. It is currently spoken by 3 main groups; the Northern Semai, Central Semai and the Southern Semai.
Austroasiatic language spoken in Malaysia
Semai |
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Native to | Peninsular Malaysia |
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Ethnicity | 60,438 Semai people (2020)[1] |
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Native speakers | 60,438 (2020)[2] |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Latin |
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ISO 639-3 | sea |
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Glottolog | sema1266 |
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ELP | Semai |
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Phonology
One notable aspect of Semai phonology is its highly irregular pattern of expressive reduplication, showing discontiguous copying from just the edges of the reduplicant's base, thus forming a minor syllable.
Vowels
Oral vowels
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Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i iː |
ɨ ɨː |
u uː |
Close-mid |
e eː |
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o oː |
Open-mid |
ɛ ɛː |
ə |
ɔ ɔː |
Open |
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ɑ ɑː |
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Nasal vowels
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Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
ĩ ĩː |
ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː |
ũ ũː |
Mid |
ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː |
ə̃ |
ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː |
Open |
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ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː |
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Consonants
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Bilabial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Plosive |
voiceless |
p |
t |
c |
k |
ʔ |
voiced |
b |
d |
ɟ |
ɡ |
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Nasal |
voiced |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
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preploded |
ᵇm |
ᵈn |
ɟɲ |
ᶢŋ |
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Fricative |
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s |
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h |
Rhotic |
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ɾ~r |
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Lateral |
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l |
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Approximant |
w |
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j |
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Examples
Examples of words in Semai include the following:
English |
Semai |
Malay |
I |
Eng |
Saya |
Eat |
Cak |
Makan |
Drink |
Ngaut |
Minum |
Bathe |
Mehmu |
Mandi |
Clean |
Parlain |
Bersih |
Good |
Bor |
Bagus |
Chicken |
Bafung/Fung |
Ayam |
Rice |
Cengroy |
Beras |
Mushroom |
Cenai |
Cendawan |
Why |
Jalek |
Kenapa |
How |
Rahalook |
Bagaimana |
In popular culture
- Asli (2017),[3] a film directed by David Liew, is about a bi-racial girl on a road to discover her cultural heritage, is the first film to use the Semai language in 50% of its dialogue.[4]
References
Further reading
- Diffloth, Gerard. 1976a. Minor-Syllable Vocalism in Senoic Languages. In Philip N. Lenner, Laurence C. Thompson, and Stanley Starosta (eds.), Austroasiatic Studies, Part I, 229–247. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.
- Diffloth, Gerard. 1976b. Expressives in Semai. In Philip N. Lenner, Laurence C. Thompson, and Stanley Starosta (eds.), Austroasiatic Studies, Part I, 249–264. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.
- Hendricks, Sean. 2001. Bare-Consonant Reduplication Without Prosodic Templates: Expressive Reduplication in Semai. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 10: 287–306.
- Phillips, Timothy C. 2013. Linguistic Comparison of Semai Dialects. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2013-010: 1–111.
External links
Languages of Malaysia |
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Main | |
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Significant minority | Chinese | |
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Indian | |
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Indonesian archipelago | |
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Philippine | |
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Families | |
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Creoles | |
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Natives & Indigenous | |
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Mixed & Others | |
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Immigrants |
- African
- Arab
- Bangladeshi
- Burmese
- Cambodian
- East Timorese
- Filipino
- Indonesian
- comparison with Malaysian
- Iranian
- Japanese
- Korean
- Laotian
- Nepalese
- Pakistani
- Sri Lankan
- Thai
- Vietnamese
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Signs | |
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- 1 Extinct languages
- 2 Nearly extinct languages
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West Katuic | |
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Ta'oihic | |
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Pacoh | |
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Katu | |
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Viet-Muong | |
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Cuoi | |
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Chutic | |
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Kri | |
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Phong–Liha | |
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Pear | |
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Western Pearic (Chong) | Central |
- Central Chong
- Samre
- Kasong
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Western | |
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Northern | |
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Southern | |
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North | |
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South | Kharia | |
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Juang | |
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Sora-Gorum | |
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Gutob-Remo | |
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Gta’ | |
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Jahaic (Northern) | |
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Senoic (Central) | |
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Jah Hut | |
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Semelaic (Southern) | |
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unclassified | |
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Proto-languages |
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- Proto-Austroasiatic
- Proto-Palaungic
- Proto-Khmeric
- Proto-Aslian
- Proto-Munda
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Italics indicates extinct languages |
Authority control: National libraries | |
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На других языках
- [en] Semai language
[fr] Semai (langue)
Le semai est une langue môn-khmer parlée en Malaisie péninsulaire. Ses locuteurs, les Semai, sont au nombre de 43 900 (2003) et habitent la chaîne de montagnes centrale dans le nord-ouest de l'État de Pahang, le sud du Perak, l'État de Selangor et le Negeri Sembilan.
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