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Temiar is a Central Aslian (Mon–Khmer) language spoken in Western Malaysia by the Temiar people. The Temiar are one of the most numerous Aslian-speaking peoples, numbering around 30,000 in 2017.[3]

Temiar
Native to	Peninsular Malaysia
Ethnicity	25,000 (2008)[1]
Native speakers	28,000 (2016)[2][1]
Language family	Austroasiatic Aslian Senoic Temiar
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tea
Glottolog	temi1246
ELP	Temiar

Name

Etymologically, the word "Temiar" means "edge" or "side". This meaning reflects the way in which Temiars describe themselves as "people of the edge, outside, [i.e. jungle]."[4]

Phonology

Vowels

Oral vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː	ʉ ʉː	u uː
Close-mid	e eː		o oː
Open-mid	ɛ ɛː	ə əː	ɔ ɔː
Open		a aː

Nasal vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	ĩ ĩː	ʉ̃ ʉ̃ː	ũ ũː
Mid	ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː		ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː
Open		ã ãː

Consonants

		Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	c	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d	ɟ	ɡ
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Rhotic			ɾ
Lateral			l
Fricative				ɕ		h
Approximant		w		j

Morphosyntax

Noun Phrase

The noun phrase is (pro)noun initial followed by modifiers and demonstratives or possessor pronouns. Pronouns may not be modified by another pronoun.[5] There are three allomorphic classes of pronouns (stressed unstressed, and bound). Stressed third person pronouns must occur with a demonstrative (and hence only occur as unstressed or as bound morphemes on the demonstrative (e.g. na-doh 'he-here' or ʔun-tu:y 'they-elsewhere.'[5]

Stressed Pronouns

Person	Singular	Dual		Plural
		Inclusive	Exclusive	Inclusive	Exclusive
1	ye:ʔ	ʔa:r	ya:r	ʔɛ:ʔ	kanɛ:ʔ
2	ha:ʔ	kəʔan		ɲɔb

Unstressed Pronouns

Person	Singular	Dual		Plural
		Inclusive	Exclusive	Inclusive	Exclusive
1	yeh	ʔah	yah	ʔɛh	kanɛh
2	hah	kəʔan		ɲɔb
3	ʔəh	weh wɛh		ʔun ʔən

Bound Pronouns

Person	Singular	Dual		Plural
		Inclusive	Exclusive	Inclusive	Exclusive
1	ʔi-	ʔa-	ya-	ʔɛ-	kanɛ- ki- kɛ-
2	ha-	kəʔa-		ɲɔ(b)-
3	na- ʔə-	we- wɛ-		ʔun-

Verb Phrase

The verb phrase is ordered as sentential negation, auxiliary verb and main verb. The verb phrase precedes the subject.[5]

Further reading

• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 1999. "Temiar kinship terminology: a linguistic and formal analysis." Occasional Paper no. 1, Malaysian Academy of Social Sciences (AKASS), Penang: AKASS Heritage Paper Series.
• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2011. "Deponent verbs and middle-voice nouns in Temiar." In: Sophana Srichampa & Paul Sidwell (eds), Austroasiatic Studies: Papers from ICAAL4 (=Mon-Khmer Studies, Special Issue no. 2), Canberra: Pacific Linguistics E-8, pp. 11–37. ISBN 9780858836419 (electronic document)
• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2012. "The peculiar history of the ethnonym 'Temiar'." Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 27(2): 205–233. ISSN 0217-9520 (print), ISSN 1793-2858 (online) doi:10.1355/sj27-2a. JSTOR 43186934.
• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2012. "The Temiar causative (and related features)." Mon-Khmer Studies 41: 32–45. ISSN 0147-5207 (online).
• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2014. "Aesthetic elements in Temiar grammar." In: Jeffrey Williams (ed.), The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36–60. ISBN 9781107007123 (print, hard cover), ISBN 9781107496309 (eBook, 2013). doi:10.1017/CBO9781139030489.004
• Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2016. "A new outline of Temiar grammar, Part 1". dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3944.0403.

References

External links

• http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
• http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-D44A-D@view Temiar in RWAAI Digital Archive

На других языках

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- [en] Temiar language

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[ru] Темиарский язык

Темиарский язык или темиар (Northern Sakai, Pie, Seroq, Temer) — аслийский (мон-кхмерский) язык, на котором говорят темиарский народ на западе Малайзии. Темиарцы являются одним из крупнейших аслийских народов, но неизвестно, сколько их говорит на своём языке. У темиарского языка есть несколько диалектов: грик, кендеронг, кенеринг, ланох-кобак, по-кло (сакай-букит диалекта темонгох), сакай диалекта плус-корбу, сунгай-пиах, танджонг-рамбутан, тембе (темби), улу-кинта (кинта-сакай).

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