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The Nyah Kur language, also called Chao-bon (Thai: ชาวบน), is an Austroasiatic language spoken by remnants of the Mon people of Dvaravati, the Nyah Kur people, who live in present-day Thailand.

Nyah Kur
ญัฮกุร
Native toThailand
Native speakers
1,500 (2006)[1]
Language family
Austroasiatic
  • Monic
    • Nyah Kur
Early form
Old Mon
Dialects
  • Chaiyaphum
  • Petchabun
Writing system
Thai script
Language codes
ISO 639-3cbn
Glottolognyah1250
ELPNyahkur

Distribution


Nyah Kur (ɲɑ̤h kur) is spoken by a few thousand people in the central and northeastern provinces (Sidwell 2009:113-114). According to Premsrirat (2002), there are 4,000 to 6,000 speakers of Nyah Kur, the vast majority living in Chaiyaphum Province. The northern dialects of Phetchabun Province are highly endangered.

Southern dialects
Northern dialects

The northern-southern bipartite classification is from Theraphan L-Thongkum's 1984 multi-dialectal Nyah Kur dictionary. However, Gerard Diffloth considers Nyah Kur to be made up of three dialects, namely North, Central, and South.


Classification


Being the only languages of the Monic branch of the Mon–Khmer language family, Mon and Nyah Kur are very closely related.


History


The modern-day speakers of Nyah Kur are the descendants of the Mon who did not flee west when the Khmer overran their empire in the 9th and 11th centuries. Consequently, modern Mon and Nyah Kur have both developed directly from Old Mon independently for almost a millennium.

Nyah Kur was discovered by linguists early in the 20th century, but was not recognized as being related (in fact a "sister" language) to Mon for nearly 70 years.

Due to integration into Thai society, the number of speakers of Nyah Kur as a first language is rapidly decreasing and some predict the language will become extinct within the next century unless the current course is reversed. Language change influenced by Thai is also occurring as younger generations pronounce certain phonemes different from older generations. For instance, final -/r/ and -/l/, which do not occur as finals in Thai, are now often pronounced as -[n] by younger generations (Premsrirat 2002). However, since the younger generations also generally have positive attitudes about their language and support the idea of having an orthography for Nyah Kur, the language may be preserved (Premsrirat 2002).


Phonology [2]



Consonants


Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ k kʰ ʔ
Fricatives (f) (s) ç h
Nasals m̥ m n̥ n ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ
Approximant ʍ w l̥ l j
Trill r̥ r

Vowels


Front Central Back unrounded Back rounded
Close i iː ɯ ɯː u uː
Close-mid e eː ɤ ɤː o oː
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ʌ ɔ ɔː
Open a aː

Diphthongs

Front Back unrounded Back rounded
Close ia ua ɯa

Orthography


Nyah Kur is written in the Thai alphabet.


Consonants



Vowels



Further reading



References


  1. Nyah Kur at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. "Upsid Nyah Kur".
  3. "Nyah Kur language". Omniglot. Retrieved 9 September 2021.



Further reading



На других языках

[de] Nyahkur

Nyahkur (Nyah Kur) ist eine austroasiatische Sprache, die von Nachkommen der Mon im Nordosten des heutigen Thailands, dem Isan, und in Zentralthailand gesprochen wird und deren Sprecher die thailändische Schrift verwenden. Die Mon siedelten bis ins 11. Jahrhundert im Isan, ehe sie von den Khmer überrannt wurden und die meisten von ihnen fliehen mussten. Sie leben in den thailändischen Provinzen Phitsanulok, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum und Phetchabun.
- [en] Nyah Kur language

[fr] Nyahkur (langue)

Le nyahkur (ou chao bon) est une langue môn-khmer parlée en Thaïlande. La langue est proche du môn avec laquelle elle constitue le rameau mônique des langues môn-khmer.

[it] Lingua nyah kur

La lingua nyah kur (trascrizione IPA: [ɳaʔ kur], in italiano: gnà kur) o nyahkur, è l'idioma tradizionale del popolo nyah kur e deriva dall'antico mon; fa parte del gruppo monico delle lingue mon khmer, che a loro volta fanno parte della famiglia austroasiatica. Oltre allo nyah kur, l'unico idioma che fa parte delle lingue moniche è quello mon. Lo nyah kur è parlato nella zona a cavallo tra la Thailandia Centrale e la Thailandia del Nord e viene scritto con l'alfabeto thailandese. Nome alternativo con cui l'etnia e la lingua sono conosciute in Thailandia è chao bon, in lingua thai: ชาวบน.[1]


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