lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageThe Pa'O language (also spelled Pa-O or Pa-oh; Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ,
listen (help·info)); Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းဘာသာ), sometimes called Taungthu, is a Karen language spoken by one and a half million Pa'O people in Myanmar.
Karenic language
Not to be confused with other similarly named languages.
| Pa'O |
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|
|
| Native to | Myanmar |
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| Ethnicity | Pa'O people |
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Native speakers | 1.5 million (2014)[1] |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Burmese script (Pa'O alphabet) Karen Braille |
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|
Recognised minority language in | Myanmar |
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|
| ISO 639-3 | blk |
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| Glottolog | paok1235 |
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The language is primarily written using a system of phonetics devised by Christian missionaries,[2][3] and many of the materials now available for it on the Internet derive from Christian missionary involvement, although most of the Pa'O are generally reported to be Buddhists (without real statistics, etc.).
The language is also referred to by the exonyms "Black Karen" and "White Karen", both of which are terms used in contrast to "Red Karen" (Karenni), also of Myanmar.
Dialects include Taunggyi and Kokareit.[4]
Phonology
The following displays the phonological features of the Pa'O (Taungthu) language:[5]
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| Plosive |
voiceless |
p |
t |
c |
k |
ʔ |
| aspirated |
pʰ |
tʰ |
cʰ |
kʰ |
|
| voiced |
b |
d |
|
|
|
| Fricative |
|
s |
|
|
h |
| Nasal |
m |
n |
|
ŋ |
|
| Trill |
|
r |
|
|
|
| Approximant |
lateral |
|
l |
|
|
|
| central |
w |
|
j |
|
|
- /p, t, k, ʔ/ and /m, n, ŋ/ can occur as final consonants. Stops may also be heard as unreleased [p̚, t̚, k̚].
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| High |
i |
ʉ |
u |
| High-mid |
e |
|
o |
| Mid |
|
ə |
|
| Low-mid |
ɛ |
|
ɔ |
| Low |
|
a |
|
| Glided |
aⁱ |
|
aᵘ |
References
Pa'O edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Pa'O at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- "Pa-oh ပအိုဝ်း - Word List". Language Documentation Training Center. 3 October 2015. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- "Pa-oh ပအိုဝ်း - Writing System". Language Documentation Training Center. 9 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- Shintani, Tadahiko. 2020. The Pao language: its Taunggyi and Kokareit dialects. Linguistic survey of Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 131. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- Thanamteun, Orranat (2000). A phonological study of Pa-O (Taungthu) at Ban Huay Salop, Tambon Huay Pha, Muang district, Mae Hong Son province. Mahidol University.
Sino-Tibetan branches |
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
| |
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |
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| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border | | "Naga" |
- Ao
- Angami–Pochuri
- Meitei
- Tangkhulic
- Zeme
|
|---|
| Sal |
- Boro–Garo
- Konyak
- Jingpho–Luish
|
|---|
|
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| East and Southeast Asia | | Burmo-Qiangic |
- Qiangic
- Ersuic
- Naic
- Lolo-Burmese
|
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|
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
- Hrusish
- Kho-Bwa
- Miju–Meyor
|
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| Proposed groupings |
- Central Tibeto-Burman
- Kuki-Chin–Naga
- Greater Bai
- Mahakiranti
- Rung
- Tibeto-Burman
- Tibeto-Kanauri
|
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| Proto-languages |
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman
- Proto-Loloish
- Proto-Karenic
- Proto-Min
|
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
Karenic languages |
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| Northern | |
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| Central | | Kayah | |
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| Kayan | |
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| Kayaw | |
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| Western Bwe | |
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|
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| Southern | |
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| Proto-language | |
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Languages of Myanmar |
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| Official language | |
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| Semiofficial language | |
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Indigenous languages (by state or region) | | Chin | |
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| Kachin | |
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| Kayah | |
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| Kayin | |
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| Magway | |
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| Mon | |
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| Rakhine | |
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| Sagaing | |
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| Shan | | Austroasiatic | |
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| Sino-Tibetan | |
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| Kra–Dai | |
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| Hmong–Mien | |
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|
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| Tanintharyi | |
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|
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| Non-Indigenous | | Immigrant language | |
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| Working language | |
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|
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| Sign languages | |
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На других языках
- [en] Pa'O language
[fr] Pa'o (langue)
Le pa'o, aussi appelé karen pa’o ou taungthu(Pa'oပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ[audio], est une langue sino-tibétaine de la branche karen, parlée par les Pa’o en Birmanie.
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