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Kedah Malay or Kedahan (Malay: bahasa Melayu Kedah); also known as Pelat Utara or Loghat Utara ('Northern Dialect') or as it is known in Thailand, Syburi Malay (Thai: ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี) is a variety of the Malayic languages mainly spoken in the northwestern Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and northern Perak and in the southern Thai provinces of Trang and Satun. The usage of Kedah Malay was historically prevalent in southwestern Thailand before being superseded by the Thai language. Enclaves of Kedah Malay can be found in Kawthaung District in Myanmar; Ranong and Krabi in upper southern Thailand; Jaring Halus, Langkat and Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia and up north in Bangkok, central Thailand, where most of the Kedah Malay speakers are descendants of historical settlers from Kedah.
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2019) |
| Kedah Malay | |
|---|---|
| بهاس ملايو قدح ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี | |
| Pelat Utagha Bahasa Melayu Kedah, Bahasa Melayu Utara | |
| Native to | Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia |
| Region | Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perlis, northern Perak (Kerian, Manjung, Larut, Matang and Selama), Trang, Satun, Ranong, Tanintharyi, Langkat, Aceh |
| Ethnicity | Kedahan Malays Thai Malays Burmese Malays Jaring Halus Malays |
Native speakers | 2.6 million (2004)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
| Dialects |
|
Writing system | Latin script, Arabic script, Thai script |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | meo |
| Glottolog | keda1251 |
Kedah Malay can be divided into several dialects, namely Kedah Persisiran (Littoral Kedah; which is the de facto prestige dialect of Kedah Malay), Kedah Utara (Northern Kedah), Perlis-Langkawi, Penang and some others outside Malaysia.[2] Speakers in Trang as well as Satun are heavily influenced by the Thai language. However in the district of Baling, they speak a different variant more closely related to Kelantan-Patani Malay than it is to Kedah Malay.[3]
Vocabulary
| Kedah Malay | Standard Malay | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| hang | awak / kamu / kau | 'you' (singular) |
| hangpā / ampa | kalian | 'you' (plural) |
| cek / aq | saya / aku | 'I' |
| cek | saya | 'I' (young to old) |
| cek | kamu | 'you' (old to young) |
| depa | mereka | 'they' |
| sépā (In a few certain areas) / kitorang | kami | 'we' (exclusive) |
| Kedah Malay | Standard Malay | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| siapa, sapa | siapa / siapakah | 'who' |
| apa, pa | apa / apakah | 'what' |
| bila | bila / bilakah | 'when' |
| cemana, lagu mana | bagaimana / bagaimanakah | 'how' |
| mana | mana | 'where' |
| pasai pa, awat, rokpa,
buat pa, sebab pa |
mengapa | 'how' |
| berapa, bapa | berapa | 'how much' |
| Kedah Malay | Standard Malay | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| camca | sudu | 'spoon' |
| habaq | cakap | 'talk' |
| mai | datang, mari | 'come' |
| mau | nak | 'want' |
| lorat | susah | 'difficult' |
| lā, lāni | sekarang | 'now' |
| lagu | macam | 'sort' |
| cabai | cili / lada | 'chilli' |
| hakap | tamak | 'greedy' |
| pi | pergi | 'go' |
| sat | sebentar, sekejap | 'one sec' |
| mengkalā | bila, apabila | 'when' |
| ketegaq | degil, keras kepala | 'naughty' |
| geghék | basikal | 'bicycle' |
| mertun | tukul | 'hammer' |
| lempaq | baling | 'throw' |
| menghabat | memanjat | 'climb' |
| ligan | kejar | 'chase' |
| loq laq | tak senonoh | 'indecent' |
| ketit | gigit kecil | 'bite softly' |
| tokok | gigit | 'bite' |
| berlemuih | comot | 'messy' |
| cemuih | bosan | 'bored' |
References
- Kedah Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- See Malayan languages for a comparison between Kedah Persisiran and Penang dialects.
- Mohd Noor Aswad (2 November 2019). "Getting to Know the Unique Baling Dialect". New Straits Times. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
- Fiq Strife (2 November 2007). "Kamus Dialek Melayu-Kedah" [The Kedah Malay Dialect Dictionary]. Dunia Melayu Kedah (in Malay). Retrieved 22 May 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan & Nurulafiqah Suhaimi 2012, p. 490.
Further reading
- Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan; Nurulafiqah Suhaimi (2012). "Kata Soal Dalam Dialek Kedah" [WH Questions in Kedah Dialect]. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies (in Malay). 12 (2): 475–493.
- Nurul Shahida Jamil; Maslida Yusof (2015). "Analisis Deiksis Dialek Kedah". GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies (in Malay). 15 (1): 163–187. doi:10.17576/GEMA-2015-1501-10.
- Shahidi A. H. (2009). "Alternasi Dalam Fonologi Subdialek Kedah Utara". Jurnal Bahasa (in Malay). 9 (2): 302–325.
External links
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