Chakma language (/ˈtʃɑːkmə/; autonym: 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴, Changmha Bhach) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people. The language has common features with other languages in the region like the Chittagonian, Tanchangya, Arakanese and others. It is spoken by nearly 320,000 people in southeast Bangladesh in Chittagong Hill Tracts, and another 230,000 in India, including 96,972 in Mizoram,[5] Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. It is written using the Chakma script, which is also called Awzhā Pāṭh, sometimes romanised Ojhopath. Literacy in Chakma script is low.

Chakma
Changmha, Daingnet
𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴
'Changmha Bhach' in Chakma script
Native to	Bangladesh and India
Region	Chittagong Hill Tracts CADC, Mizoram Tripura Arunachal Pradesh
Ethnicity	Chakma, Daingnet
Native speakers	326,000 in Bangladesh, 228,281 in India,[1][2] also in Myanmar
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bengali–Assamese Chakma
Writing system	Chakma script, Latin script, Bengali script[3]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ccp[4]
Glottolog	chak1266
IETF	ccp

Status

It is officially recognized by the Government of Tripura in India and also by the Government of Bangladesh. In India, it is also spoken primarily in the Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) which consists of the Tuichawng constituency of Lawngtlai district in Mizoram and many places in Tripura.

Although there were no Chakma language radio or television stations as of 2011, the language has a presence in social media and on YouTube. The Hill Education Chakma Script website provides tutorials, videos, e-books, and Chakma language forums.[6]

In 2012, the Government of Tripura announced the implementation of Chakma language in Chakma Script (or Ajhā Pāṭh) in primary schools of Tripura. Imparting of education up to the elementary stage in the mother tongue is a national policy. To begin with, Chakma language subjects in its own scripts has been introduced in 87 primary schools in Chakma concentrated areas in Tripura."[7][8]

"In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Kokborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Orao community) and Achik."[9]

Mor Thengari (My Bicycle) was Bangladesh's first Chakma-language movie. However, it was banned in Bangladesh due to its controversial plot.[10]

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

• /p/ can be heard as [ɸ] in intervocalic and word-final positions.
• /t k/ can be heard as [t̪ʰ x] in word-initial and intervocalic positions.
• A /ʃ/ sound is rare, and in some cases, is a free variant sound of /s/.[11][12]

Medieval Chakma

The Chakma and Daingnet people now speak what may be considered divergent dialects of Magadhi Prakrit. However, this is due to language shift from a Tibeto-Burman language; that medieval language may have been related to Sak[13] or Chairel[14] (and therefore of the Brahmaputran branch).

Writing system

The Chakma script is an abugida that belongs to the Brahmic family of scripts. Chakma evolved from the Burmese script, which was ultimately derived from Pallava.[15][16][17]

Educational institutions

The Chakma language is being taught in many Government and private schools in India (Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh) and Bangladesh. The Chakma language was officially introduced in primary schools by the Govt. of Tripura under The Directorate of Kokborok & Other Minority Languages in 2004 through Bengali Script and since 2013 through Chakma script (also known as Ajhā Pāṭh). Presently, the Chakma language is being taught in 87 schools.[18]

References

• Cāṅmā, Cirajyoti and Maṅgal Cāṅgmā. 1982. Cāṅmār āg pudhi (Chakma primer). Rāṅamāṭi:Cāṅmābhāṣā Prakāśanā Pariṣad.
• Khisa, Bhagadatta. 2001. Cāṅmā pattham pāt (Chakma primer.) Rāṅamāṭi: Tribal Cultural Institute(TCI).
• Singā. 2004. Phagadāṅ

External links

Chakma language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

Media related to Chakma language at Wikimedia Commons

• Ethnologue report
• Unicode Font for the language
• Chakma Script Archived 15 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
• Chakma Bangla Blog
• Chakma Prototype Keyboard
• Chakma Unicode Converter
• Available Chakma Unicode Font
• "Chakma alphabet, pronunciation and language". Omniglot. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
• Nawaz, Ali (2012). "Tribal Languages". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
• "Honour for writers". The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata). 7 January 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2012.

На других языках

[de] Chakma (Sprache)

[fr] Changma kodha

[ru] Чакма (язык)