lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Ter Sámi is the easternmost of the Sámi languages. It was traditionally spoken in the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula, but now it is an extinct language; in 2004, only ten speakers were left. By 2010, the number of speakers had decreased to two.[1] In 2020, they were presumed dead or uncontactable.^{[citation needed]} Other estimates counted about 30 Ter Sámi speakers in Murmansk oblast, as well as in St. Petersburg, in 2007. The mean age of the youngest Ter Sámi speakers at that time was 50.[3]

Ter Sámi
saa´mekiil / са̄мькӣлл
Native to	Russia
Native speakers	2 (2010)[1]
Language family	Uralic Sámi Eastern Sámi Ter Sámi
Writing system	Latin script (historical), Cyrillic script (current) [2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	sjt
Glottolog	ters1235
ELP	Ter Saami
Ter Sámi is number 9 on the map.
Ter Sámi is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

History

In the end of the 19th century, there were six Ter Sámi villages in the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula, with a total population of approximately 450. In 2004, there were approximately 100 ethnic Ter Sámi of whom two elderly persons speak the language; the rest have shifted their language to Russian.[4]

The rapid decline in the number of speakers was caused by Soviet collectivisation, during which its use was prohibited in schools and homes^{[citation needed]} in the 1930s, and the largest Ter Sámi village, Yokanga, was declared "perspectiveless" and its inhabitants were forced to move to the Gremikha military base.[4]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b	t d			k ɡ
Affricate		t͡s d͡z	t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Fricative	f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x	h
Nasal	m	n̥ n			ŋ
Approximant (Lateral)				j
		l̥ l
Trill		r̥ r

• All consonants except for /j/ may be palatalized [ʲ].
• Consonants /t, d/ can also sound as half-palatalized.

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	ɨ	ɨː	u	uː
Mid	ɛ				o
Open			a	aː	ɔ

• After palatalized consonants, /ɛ/ is realized as [e].[5]

Documentation

There are no educational materials or facilities in Ter Sámi, and the language has no standardized orthography. The language is incompletely studied and documented, though text specimens and audio recordings as well as dictionaries for linguistic purposes exist.[6][7]

Writing system

A spelling system for Ter Sámi using the Latin alphabet and based on Skolt Sámi was developed in the 1930s. After the Second World War, this was replaced by a system using the Cyrillic alphabet, and based on Kildin Sámi.[8] This system was used by the Sámi poet Oktyabrina Voronova.[9]

Example of words in Ter Sámi

Sample vocabulary in Ter Sámi[10]

Ter Sámi	English gloss
выэййвэ	head
ныкчым	tongue
кидт	hand
лоннҍт	bird
чадце	water
ке̄ддҍкэ	stone
аббьрэ	rain
толл	fire

Grammar[11]

Ter saami has 8 cases, Nominative, Genitive, Accusative, Essive, Inessive-Lative, Dative-Illative, Abessive and Comitative.

case	singular	plural
NOM	-	change of the main part of word
GEN	change of the main part of word	change of the main part of word
ACC	change of the main part of word	t
ESS	n	n
INE	s't	n
DAT	a, i	t
ABE	ta	ta
COM	n	k'em, g'em

Examples of the Genitive

(in the UPA)

abre' paл = raining cloud

pɛci̮ pal'čemi̮š = slaughter of deer

taja oлmi̮j = German inhabitant

tara parnɛ = Russian boys

Plurals

In the Nominative case the base word changes when a plural is made.

Word	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
mi̮rr	forest	mi̮r	forests
k'iлл	language	k'iл	languages
šiɛn'n'	swamp	šiɛn'	swamps
tast	star	taast	stars

The word "ku", meaning: who, which in the cases.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ku	kogg
Genetive	konn	kojt
Accusative	konn	kojt
Essive	kon'n'in	kojn
Inessive	kon'n'es't	kojn
Dative	kon'n'i	kojt
Abessive	konta	kojta
Cominative	kon'in	kojgujm

Notes

External links

• Media related to Ter Sami language at Wikimedia Commons
• Ter saami dictionary
• Die Struktur der Nominalphrase im Tersaamischen (in German)
• Koltan- ja kuolanlapin sanakirja (dictionary in German, contains Ter Saami)
• Koltan- ja kuolanlappalaisia satuja (texts in Kola Saami languages, includes Ter Saami)

На других языках

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[de] Tersamische Sprache

Tersamisch ist die östlichste aller samischen Sprachen und gehört somit zur uralischen Sprachfamilie. Heute gibt es vielleicht noch 2 aktive Tersamischsprecher auf der Kola-Halbinsel im Nordosten Russlands. Etwa 20 Personen haben Sprachkenntnisse auf verschiedenen Niveaus. Die Sprache ist nicht nur vom Aussterben bedroht, sondern auch relativ schlecht dokumentiert und beschrieben.

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- [en] Ter Sámi

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[fr] Same de Ter

Le same de Ter est une langue same parlée par les Samis du nord-est de la péninsule de Kola, en Russie, notamment dans le raïon de Ter. C'est une langue presque disparue : en 2004, dix personnes parlaient le same de Ter, et en 2010 seulement deux[1].

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[it] Lingua sami di Ter

La lingua sami di Ter è una lingua sami parlata in Russia.

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[ru] Йоканьгско-саамский язык

Йоканьгско-саамский язык, или терско-саамский язык, — самый восточный из саамских языков. Распространён в северо-восточной части Кольского полуострова.

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