lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageYinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it became extinct.[2] Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
Phonology
Consonant Phonemes
[3]
|
Peripheral |
Laminal |
Apical |
Bilabial |
Velar |
Palatal |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Retroflex |
Nasal |
m |
ŋ |
ɲ |
n̪ |
n |
|
Prenasalised stop |
ⁿp |
ⁿk |
ⁿc |
ⁿt̪ |
ⁿt ⁿtʳ |
|
Plosive |
p |
k |
c |
t̪ |
t tʳ |
|
Fricative |
β |
ɣ |
|
ð |
|
|
Vibrant |
|
|
|
|
r |
|
Approximant |
w |
j |
|
l |
ɻ |
/ⁿtʳ/ and /tʳ/ are post-trilled consonants (trilled affricates).
Vowel Phonemes
[4]
|
Front |
Back |
High |
i |
u |
Mid |
e |
|
Low |
a |
References
- Y29 Yinwum at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Ernst Kausen (2005). "Australische Sprachen".
- Kenneth Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.12
- Kenneth Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.12
Pama–Nyungan languages |
---|
Paman languages |
---|
North | |
---|
Northeast | |
---|
Wik | |
---|
Lamalamic | |
---|
Yalanjic | |
---|
Southwest | |
---|
Norman | |
---|
Thaypan | |
---|
Southern | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
| Eastern Pama–Nyungan |
---|
Dyirbalic | |
---|
Maric | |
---|
Waka–Kabic |
- Barunggam
- Dappil
- Gabi-Gabi
- Gureng Gureng
- Wakawaka
- Wuliwuli
|
---|
Durubalic | |
---|
Gumbaynggiric | |
---|
Wiradhuric | |
---|
Yuin–Kuric | |
---|
Gippsland | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
| Southern Pama–Nyungan |
---|
Yotayotic | |
---|
Kulinic | Kolakngat
Kulin |
- Bunurong
- Dja Dja Wurrung
- Ledji-Ledji
- Madhi-Madhi
- Taungurung
- Wadi-Wadi
- Wathaurong
- Wemba-Wemba
- Woiwurrung
|
---|
Drual | |
---|
|
---|
Lower Murray | |
---|
Thura-Yura | |
---|
Mirniny | |
---|
Nyungic | |
---|
|
| Western Pama–Nyungan |
---|
Kartu | |
---|
Kanyara–Mantharta | |
---|
Ngayarta | |
---|
Marrngu | |
---|
|
| Northern Pama–Nyungan |
---|
Ngumpin–Yapa | |
---|
Warumungu | |
---|
Warluwaric | |
---|
Kalkatungic | |
---|
Mayi | |
---|
|
| Central Pama–Nyungan |
---|
Wati | |
---|
Arandic | |
---|
Karnic | |
---|
Other |
- Baagandji
- Bulloo River (old Wangkumara/Garlali)
- Muruwari
- Yardli
|
---|
|
| | Macro-Pama–Nyungan? |
---|
Macro-Gunwinyguan? | Maningrida | |
---|
Mangarrayi-Marran | |
---|
Gunwinyguan | |
---|
Other | |
---|
|
---|
Tangkic | |
---|
Garrwan | |
---|
|
|
|
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