lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageNgadjunmaya correctly known as Ngadjumaya is a Pama–Nyungan language of Western Australia that is located in the Goldfields-Esperance region.
Endangered Pama–Nyungan language of Australia
Ngadjunmaya |
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Native to | Australia |
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Region | Goldfields-Esperance; Eyre’s Sand Patch, Goddard Creek to Port Malcolm, to Fraser Range, to Naretha and Point Culver, at Mount Andres, Russell Range, Balladonia, and Norseman |
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Ethnicity | Ngadjunmaia, ?Murunitja |
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Native speakers | "very few speakers" (2008);[1] "probably recently extinct" (2007)[2] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | nju |
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Glottolog | ngad1258 |
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AIATSIS[1] | A3 |
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Murunitja was apparently a dialect of either Ngadjumaya or of Mirning.
Phonology
Vowels
Three vowels with length are present:
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Front |
Central |
Back |
High |
i iː |
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u uː |
Low |
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a aː |
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- /i/ can also be heard as [e] before a velar /k/, and as [ɛ ~ æ] before palatal sounds /ʎ, j/.
- /a/ can also be heard as [ɔ] when following sounds /w, j/, and as [o] when following /k/.
- /u/ can also be heard as fronted [ʏ] when preceding /j/.
Consonants
|
Peripheral |
Laminal |
Apical |
Labial |
Velar |
Dental |
Palatal |
Alveolar |
Retroflex |
Stop |
p |
k |
t̪ |
c |
t |
ʈ |
Nasal |
m |
ŋ |
n̪ |
ɲ |
n |
ɳ |
Lateral |
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l̪ |
ʎ |
l |
ɭ |
Rhotic |
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r |
ɽ |
Approximant |
w |
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j |
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- /ɽ/ can be heard as either a tap [ɽ] or a glide [ɻ].
- /r/ can be heard as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ].
- /k/ can also have a voiced allophone of [ɣ] when in word-medial positions.[3]
References
- A3 Ngadjunmaya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Ngadjunmaya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- von Brandenstein, C. G. (1980). Ngadjumaja: An Aboriginal Language of South-East Western Australia. Innsbruck: AMOE.
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Paman languages |
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North | |
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Northeast | |
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Wik | |
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Lamalamic | |
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Yalanjic | |
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Southwest | |
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Norman | |
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Thaypan | |
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Southern | |
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Other | |
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Dyirbalic | |
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Maric | |
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Waka–Kabic |
- Barunggam
- Dappil
- Gabi-Gabi
- Gureng Gureng
- Wakawaka
- Wuliwuli
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Durubalic | |
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Gumbaynggiric | |
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Wiradhuric | |
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Yuin–Kuric | |
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Gippsland | |
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Other | |
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Yotayotic | |
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Kulinic | Kolakngat
Kulin |
- Bunurong
- Dja Dja Wurrung
- Ledji-Ledji
- Madhi-Madhi
- Taungurung
- Wadi-Wadi
- Wathaurong
- Wemba-Wemba
- Woiwurrung
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Drual | |
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Lower Murray | |
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Thura-Yura | |
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Mirniny | |
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Nyungic | |
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Kartu | |
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Kanyara–Mantharta | |
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Ngayarta | |
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Marrngu | |
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Ngumpin–Yapa | |
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Warumungu | |
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Warluwaric | |
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Kalkatungic | |
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Mayi | |
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Wati | |
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Arandic | |
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Karnic | |
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Other |
- Baagandji
- Bulloo River (old Wangkumara/Garlali)
- Muruwari
- Yardli
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| | Macro-Pama–Nyungan? |
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Macro-Gunwinyguan? | Maningrida | |
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Mangarrayi-Marran | |
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Gunwinyguan | |
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Other | |
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Tangkic | |
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Garrwan | |
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