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Yir-Yoront was a Paman language spoken in two settlements, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Yir-Yoront people. In 1991 only 15 speakers remained,[2] with the rest of the Yir-Yoront people speaking English or even Kuuk Thaayorre as many speakers of Yir-Yoront apparently are using Kuuk Thaayorre in daily conversation.[3] At present it is thought to be extinct.[4] There are two sister dialects, Yir-Yoront proper and Yirrk-Thangalkl, which are very close. The shared name Yir is sometimes used for both taken together.

Yir-Yoront
Yir
Native toAustralia
RegionCape York Peninsula, Queensland
EthnicityYir-Yoront
Extinctby 2005[1]
Language family
Pama–Nyungan
  • Paman
    • Southwestern
      • Coastal
        • Yir-Yoront
Dialects
Signed forms
Yir Yoront Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
yyr  Yir Yoront
yrm  Yirrk-Mel
Glottologyiry1247
yiry1245  bookkeeping with bibliography
AIATSIS[1]Y72 Yir Yoront, Y214 Yirrk-Thangalkl
ELPYir-Yoront
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Names


The first part of both of the name, Yir, is from the word yirrq meaning speech or language. Following is the ethnonym.[5]

Yir-Yoront is written hyphenated as a way of indicating that the syllable following the hyphen is stressed. In the standard orthography, it is correctly spelled Yirr-Yorront, with "rr" representing the consonant /r/. There is a valid alternative pronunciation with stress on the first syllable; this can be written YirrqYorront. Other spellings encountered include Yir Yoront and Jir Joront.

Other names for the language include:


Phonology


The following description is for Yir-Yoront proper. For another dialect, see Yirrk-Thangalkl dialect.


Vowels


Yir-Yoront has 6 vowels:

Front Central Back
Unrounded Unrounded Rounded
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open a

Consonants


Yir-Yoront has 20 consonants:

Peripheral Laminal Apical Glottal
Bilabial Velar Postalveolar
/Palatal
Dental Alveolar Retroflex
Nasal m /m/ ng /ŋ/ ny /ɲ/ nh /n̪/ n /n/ rn/
Plosive p /p/ k /k/ ch /c/ th /t̪/ t /t/ rt/ q /ʔ/
Trill rr /r/
Tap r /ɾ/
Approximant w /w/ y /j/ lh /l̪/ l /l/ rl/

Sign language


The Yir Yoront have (or had) a well-developed signed form of their language.[6] It may have had some influence in the broader Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language, though it may have gone extinct too early for that.




References



Notes


  1. Y72 Yir Yoront at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies  (see the info box for additional links)
  2. Ethnologue
  3. Gaby, Alice Rose (2006). A Grammar of Kuuk Thaayorre. p. 6.
  4. Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version: http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  5. Alpher, Barry (1991). Yir-Yoront Lexicon: Sketch and Dictionary of an Australian Language. p. 3.
  6. Kendon, A. (1988) Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

General


Alpher, Barry (1991). Yir-Yoront lexicon: Sketch and dictionary of an Australian language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.



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