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Kalkatungu (also Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkadoon, or Galgaduun) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken around the area of Mount Isa and Cloncurry, Queensland.[1][2]

Kalkatungu
Native to	Australia
Region	Mount Isa area, Queensland
Ethnicity	Kalkadoon people
Extinct	(date missing)
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Kalkatungic Kalkatungu
Signed forms	Kalkutungu Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ktg
Glottolog	kalk1246
AIATSIS[1]	G13
ELP	Kalkatungu
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Classification

Apart from the closely related language, Wakabunga, Kalkatungu is sometimes grouped with Yalarnnga as the Kalkatungic (Galgadungic) branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. O'Grady et al.,[3] however, classify it as the sole member of the "Kalkatungic group" of the Pama-Nyungan family, and Dixon (2002)[4] regards Kalkatungic as an areal group.

Revival

Emeritus Professor Barry Blake, Sheree Blackley[5] and others have revived the language based on recordings, written grammars and personal memories. Robert Ah Wing assisted by Uncle Arthur Peterson[6] is also active in this field. Often, emphasis is placed on belonging, passing on elements of language to younger Kalkatungu.

Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
Low	a aː

Consonants

[7]

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex
Stop	p	k	c	t̪	t	ʈ
Nasal	m	ŋ	ɲ	n̪	n	ɳ
Lateral			ʎ	l̪	l	ɭ
Vibrant					r
Approximant	w		j		ɻ

It is not clear if the vibrant is a trill or a tap.

Stress

Like in English, word stress is realised in terms of loudness. Sentence stress is also organised similar to English with the first syllable in the final word of a phonological phrase getting the main stress.(tonic stress) Moreover, if there are more than two words in a phrase, the first syllable of the first word receives more stress than the non-final words.

Kalkatungu Sign Language

Kendon (1988) shows that Kalkatungu also had a developed signed form of their language.[8]

References

• Roth, Walter E. (1897). The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. (p. 273–301) Reprinted from Roth, W.E. Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. London, Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office, 1897; 71–90; Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera, Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa. Reprinted (1978) in Aboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, vol. 2.

На других языках

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[de] Kalkadoon (Sprache)

Die Kalkadoon-Sprache (u. a. auch Kalkutungu, Galgadungu, Kalkutung, Kalkatungu, Galgaduun) ist eine wahrscheinlich ausgestorbene, australische Sprache der Kalkadoon-Aborigines, welche um die Region von Mount Isa in Queensland lebten.

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- [en] Kalkatungu language

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