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The Gbaya languages, also known as Gbaya–Manza–Ngbaka, are a family of perhaps a dozen languages spoken mainly in the western Central African Republic and across the border in Cameroon, with one language (Ngbaka) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with a few small languages in the Republic of the Congo. Many of the languages go by the ethnic name Gbaya, though the largest, with over a million speakers, is called Ngbaka, a name shared with the Ngbaka languages of the Ubangian family.

Gbaya
Gbaya–Manza–Ngbaka
Geographic distribution	Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cameroon
Linguistic classification	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Savannas Gbaya
Proto-language	Proto-Gbaya
ISO 639-2 / 5	gba
Glottolog	gbay1279

History

Moñino (1995:22) proposes that the Proto-Gbaya homeland was located in an area around Carnot, Central African Republic.[1]

Classification

The Gbaya languages are traditionally classified as part of the Ubangian family.

Moñino (2010), followed by Blench (2012), propose that they may instead be most closely related to the Central Gur languages, or perhaps constitute an independent branch of Niger–Congo, but that they do not form a group with Ubangian.[2] Connections with Bantu are mostly limited to cultural vocabulary, and several Central Sudanic words suggest that the proto-Gbaya were hunter-gatherers who acquired agriculture from the Sara.[3]

Proto-Gbaya vocabulary shared with Adamawa languages includes millet farming vocabulary, as well as terms for the elephant, guineafowl, Parkia biglobosa, Khaya senegalensis, and Ceiba pentandra, which are indicative of a language continuum native to a savanna environment.[4]

Languages

Moñino (2010)[3] reconstructed proto-Gbaya and proposes the following family tree:

Gbaya	Southern    Bàngàndò     Ɓùlì, Ɓìyàndà      Western   (Northern)      Tòòngò     Làì, Kàrà         Ɓòkòtò     Ɓòzôm, Gbɛ́yá          Eastern      Mbódɔ̀mɔ̀     Ɓòfì             ʔÀlī, Ngbākā-Mānzā     Mānzā       Ngbàkà       Gbànù

Several of these varieties may be mutually intelligible, such as Ngbaka, Ngbaka Manza, and Manza.

There are one or two other small Gbaya languages scattered in Congo and along the Cameroon border, such as Bonjo.

See also

• List of Proto-Gbaya reconstructions (Wiktionary)

References

External links

• Proto-Gbaya Swadesh list (Moñino 1995)

На других языках

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- [en] Gbaya languages

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[es] Lenguas gbaya

Las lenguas gbaya (también conocidas como gbaya-manza-ngbaka) son una familia de una de docena de lenguas habladas principalmente en la República Centroafricana y a lo largo de la frontera de Camerún, con una lengua más (ngabaka) hablada en la República Democrática del Congo y algunas más en la República del Congo. Muchas de las lenguas son habladas por pueblos gbayas, aunque la que tiene un mayor número de hablantes (cerca de un millón), se denomina ngabaka un nombre compartido con las lenguas ngabaka que son parte de las lenguas Ubangui.

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[fr] Gbaya (langue)

Le gbaya est une langue ou un groupe de langues oubanguiennes parlée(s) par 857 500 personnes en République centrafricaine et à l'est du Cameroun, les Gbaya.

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[it] Lingua gbaya

Il gbaya è una lingua (con diversi dialetti) o un gruppo di lingue, appartenente al gruppo adamawa-ubangi della famiglia linguistica delle Lingue niger-kordofaniane, parlata/e da circa 880.000 persone, di etnia Gbaya, in Repubblica Centrafricana e nell'est del Camerun.

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