lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageKaloeng (Kalerng, Kaleung) is a Southwestern Tai language of Thailand and Laos.
Kaloeng |
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Native to | Thailand, Laos |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Thai alphabet |
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ISO 639-3 | – |
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Distribution
In Thailand, Kaloeng is spoken in Sakon Nakhon Province, Nakhon Phanom Province, and Mukdahan Province (Trongdee 2016). In Laos, it is spoken in Khammouan Province.
External classification
Mudjalin Luksanawong[1] classifies the Kaloeng language as part of the Sakon Nakhon subbranch of the Southwestern Tai.
- Nakhon Phanom
- Sakon Nakhon
In the Sakon Nakhon languages, Proto-Tai *hw- and *w- (Pittayaporn 2009:134-135) became /ph/- (Trongdee 2016:55). Also, the Sakon Nakhon languages display the uncommon labiovelar initial clusters thw-, cw-, sw-, hw-, ŋw-, lw-, ʔw- (Trongdee 2016:56).
Internal classification
Thananan Trongdee[2] classifies the Kaloeng dialects as follows according to the evolution of the Proto-Kaloeng diphthong *-aɯ.
- Group 1: *-aɯ > -aɯ (all spoken in Laos)
- Hinboun District: Pha Wang; Nong Hoi
- Yommalath District: Phon Bok
- Nong Bok District: Nong Bok
- Boualapha District: Kha Yu
- Kounkham District: Kong Lo
- (branch)
- Group 2: *-aɯ > -əi
- Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Muanglai ม่วงลาย
- Kut Bak District: Ban Bua บ้านบัว
- Kusuman District: Saen Phan แสนพัน
- Khamcha-i District: Non Sang Si
- Group 3: *-aɯ > -ai
- Mueang Sakon Nakhon District: Na Yo นายอ; Dong Mafai ดงมะไฟ
- Phanna Nikhom District: Choeng Chum เชิงชุม
- Mueang Nakhon Phanom District: Kurukhu กุรุคุ; Khamtoei คำเตย
- Phon Sawan District: Phon Bok โพนบก
- Tha Uthen District: Na Sok นาโสก
- Pla Pak District: Kutakai ปลาปาก
- Na Kae District: Phra Song พระซอง
- Yommalath District, Laos: Don Pueai
- Nong Bok District, Laos: Dong Phak Pue
References
 Languages of Thailand |
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Official language | |
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Other Thais | Lao–Phutai | |
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Chiang Saen | |
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Sukhothai | |
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Northwestern | |
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Minority ethnics by languages groups | Austroasiatic | |
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Austronesian | |
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Hmong-Mien | |
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Sino-Tibetan | |
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Non-Indigenous | Immigrant language | |
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Working language | |
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Sign languages | |
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Kra–Dai languages |
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Kra |
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Kam–Sui | |
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Biao | |
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Lakkia | |
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Hlai |
- Bouhin
- Ha Em
- Lauhut
- Tongzha
- Zandui
- Baoting
- Cun
- Nadou
- Changjiang
- Moyfaw
- Baisha
- Yuanmen
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Jiamao | |
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Be–Jizhao | |
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Tai (Zhuang) | Northern | |
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Central | |
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Southwestern (Thai) | Northwestern | |
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Lao–Phutai | |
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Chiang Saen | |
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Southern | |
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(other) | |
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(mixed) | |
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(mixed origins) | |
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proposed groupings | |
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Proto-languages |
- Proto-Kra–Dai
- Proto-Kra
- Proto-Tai
- Proto-Kam–Sui
- Proto-Hlai
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
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