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The Lakkia language (Chinese: 拉珈语; pinyin: Lājiāyǔ), also spelled Lakkja, is a Kra–Dai language spoken in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Laibin, East-Central Guangxi, China.

Lakkia
拉珈语
Lakkja
Native toChina
RegionJinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi
Native speakers
9,000 (2007)[1]
Language family
Kra–Dai
  • Unclassified;
    Kam–Sui ?
    • Lakkia
Early form
Proto-Lakkia
Language codes
ISO 639-3lbc
Glottologlakk1238
ELPLakkia

Lakkia speakers are thought to have migrated from further east, possibly from the Biao-speaking areas of Northwestern Guangdong Province (L.-Thongkum 1992). Today, they live mostly in the Dayaoshan (Chinese: 大瑶山; lit. 'Big Yao Mountain') region of Jinxiu County.


Names


Lakkia people are also known as the Cháshān Yáo 茶山瑶, meaning "Tea Mountain Yao", since they were traditionally considered by neighboring peoples to be ethnic Yao people. The name Lakkia is an autonym (self-designated name) that means "mountain people". All Lakkia dialects have 5 tones.


Classification


There is currently no consensus on the classification of Lakkia within the Kra–Dai family. Solnit (1988) and Hansell (1988) classify Lakkia as a sister of the Kam–Sui branch. Additionally, Solnit (1988) classifies Biao and Lakkia together as part of a Biao-Lakkia branch that is coordinate to Kam-Sui. However, L.-Thongkum (1992) considers Lakkia to be most closely related to the Tai branch, based on the large number of shared lexical items.


Dialects


Dialects of Lakkia include (L.-Thongkum 1992):

The Lingzu dialect still preserves /kl-/ initial clusters, which corresponds to /kj-/ in most other dialects (L.-Thongkum 1992). Additionally, Changdong 长洞 and Jintian 金田 tone /˥˩/ (51) corresponds to Jinxiu 金秀 tone /˨˧˩/ (231). Also, L.-Thongkum (1992) reports that Jintian 金田 is a less conservative dialect.

Classification of Lakkia dialects by Norquest (2021):[2]

Lakkja

Distribution


Lakkia is spoken in the following locations.[3]


Lexical isoglosses


Some Biao-Lakkja lexical isoglosses as proposed by Norquest (2021):[2]

GlossProto-Biao-LakkjaProto-Kam-SuiProto-KraProto-HlaiProto-BeProto-Tai
‘house’*ljaːk*r̥aːn*qran*hrɯːn*raːn*rɤːn
‘road’*tsaːŋ*qʰwən*qron*kuːn*ʃwən*r̥wɤn
‘heavy’*N-tsak*C-dʑan*qχəl*kʰɯn*xən*n̥ak
‘leg’*puk*p-qaː*C-qaː*kʰok*kok*f-qaː
‘neck’*ʔən*ʔdənʔ*C-joː*hljoŋʔ*liəŋX*ɣoː

See also



Notes


  1. Lakkia at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Norquest, Peter (2021). "Classification of (Tai-)Kadai/Kra-Dai languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 225–246. doi:10.1515/9783110558142-013.
  3. Guangxi Minority Languages Orthography Committee. 2008. Vocabularies of Guangxi ethnic languages [广西民族语言方音词汇]. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House [民族出版社].

References



Further reading





На других языках


- [en] Lakkia language

[fr] Lakkja

Le lakkja (ou lakkia, chashan yao) est une langue taï-kadaï parlée en Chine, dans l'Est de la province de Guangxi par les Lakkja. Les Lakkja sont recensés avec les Yao.

[ru] Лаккья (язык)

Лаккья[2], или лацзя (Chashan Yao, Lajia, Laka, Lakia, Lakkia, Lakja, Lakkja, Tai Laka, Tea Mountain Yao) — тай-кадайский язык, распространённый в Цзиньсю-Яоском автономном уезде, на востоке Гуанси-Чжуанского автономного района в Китае. Народ лаккя также известен как чашаньяо или чайные горные яо, поскольку традиционно считалось, что они могут быть соседним народом мяо-яо (хмонг-мьен). Название лаккя означает «горные люди». Все диалекты лаккья имеют пять тонов.



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