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The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.[1]

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Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic
Geographic distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk
Early forms	Middle Turkic Karakhanid Khorezmian Chagatai
Subdivisions	Western Turkic Eastern Turkic
Glottolog	None uygh1240  (Eastern Karluk (Uyghur)) uzbe1247  (Western Karluk (Uzbek))
Uzbek     Uyghur     Äynu     Ili

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara.

Classification

Languages

• Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers [2]
• Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 25 million speakers
• Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
• Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
• Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
• Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Proto-Turkic	Common Turkic	Karluk	Western	Uzbek
			Eastern	Uyghur Ili Turki Chagatai † Karakhanid † Khorezmian †

Number of native speakers

The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:[3]^{[full citation needed]}[4]^{[full citation needed]}

Number	Name	Status	Native speakers	Country
1	Uzbek	Normal	30,000,000 3,400,000 3,000,000	Uzbekistan  Afghanistan Central Asia
2	Uyghur	Normal	25,000,000	China
3	Äynu	Critically endangered	6,000	China
4	Ili Turki	Severely endangered	100	China
Total	Karluk languages	Normal	62,400,000

References

На других языках

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- [en] Karluk languages

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[es] Lenguas túrquicas surorientales

Las lenguas túrquicas karluk, uighúricas o túrquicas surorientales, también conocidas como lenguas Karluk, son una de las seis ramas de la familia de lenguas túrquicas.[1]

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[fr] Langues ouïghoures

Les langues ouïghoures ou turc commun sud-oriental (également karluk ou qarluq), constituent une des six branches principales des langues turciques[1].

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[ru] Карлукские языки

Карлу́кские языки — объединение двух исторически и пространственно смежных, но, возможно, различных по происхождению тюркских языковых групп: восточной карлукско-уйгурской и западной карлукско-хорезмийской (чагатайской).

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