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Old Anatolian Turkish[3] (OAT, Turkish: Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, EAT) is the stage in the history of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish. It was written in the Arabic script. Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.[4]

Old Anatolian Turkish
تُركجٔ
Native toAnatolia
EraEmerged in Anatolia late 11th century. Developed into Early Ottoman Turkish c. 15th century[1]
Language family
Writing system
Ottoman Turkish alphabet augmented with ḥarakāt[1]
Official status
Official language in
Karamanids[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Linguist List
1ca Old Anatolian Turkish
GlottologNone

It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared a firman in an attempt[5] to break the supremacy, dominance and popularity of Persian:[6]


History


It has been erroneously assumed that the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language was created in Anatolia and that its authors transformed a primitive language into a literary medium by submitting themselves to Persian influence. In reality, the Oghuz Turks who came to Anatolia brought their own written language, literary traditions and models from Khwarezm and Transoxiana.[8]

The Ajem Turkic language descended from Old Anatolian Turkish. Ajem Turkic started to form its shape in the Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu eras, and, especially, the Safavid era.[9]


Examples


Following texts are excerpts of Qabus-Nama, taken from Turan Fikret's work: "Old Anatolian Turkish: Syntactic Structure" (1996):[10]


Orthography


Old Anatolian TurkishOttoman Turkish
(Kamus-ı Türkî spelling)
Modern TurkishEnglish
گُزلٔركوزلرGözler"Eyes"
دَدَددهDede"Grandfather"
كُچُككوچكKüçük"Little"

Alphabet


LetterModern TurkishLetterModern Turkish
ا a, e, i ص s
ب b ض d
پpط t
تt ظz
ث sع a
ج cغğ, g
چç ف f
ح hق k
خ hك k
د d ل l
ذ d, zم m
ر rن n
ز z و o, ö, u, ü, v
ژ j ه h
س s لا la, le
ش şى i, y, ı

See also



References


  1. Old Anatolian Turkish at MultiTree on the Linguist List
  2. "Kim Kimdir?� Biyografi Bankas� - FORSNET". Kimkimdir.gen.tr. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  3. Excerpt from Britannica Entry "..so-called Old Anatolian Turkish.."
  4. Ergin, Muharrem, Osmanlıca Dersleri, BOĞAZİÇİ YAYINLARI, ISBN 975-451-053-9 [page needed]
  5. Leiser, Gary (2010). "The Turks in Anatolia before the Ottomans". In Fierro, Maribel (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-521-83957-0. His ally the Qaramanid Muhammad (r. 660–77/1261–78) did capture Konya in 675/1276 and attempted to replace Persian with Turkish as the official government language.
  6. Yazıcı, Tahsin (2010). "Persian authors of Asia Minor part 1". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Persian language and culture were actually so popular and dominant in this period that in the late 14th century, Moḥammad (Meḥmed) Bey, the founder and the governing head of the Qaramanids, published an official edict to end this supremacy, saying that: “The Turkish language should be spoken in courts, palaces, and at official institutions from now on!”
  7. Culture and Tourism Ministry Karaman page (in Turkish) Archived August 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  8. Lars Johanson, Christiane Bulut, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag (2006). Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects. p. 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  9. Stein, Heidi (2014-02-01), "Ajem-Turkic", Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill, retrieved 2022-09-11
  10. Mahsun Atsız, (2020), A Syntactic Analysis on Gonbad Manuscript of the Book of Dede Korkut, p. 190-196

На других языках


- [en] Old Anatolian Turkish

[es] Antiguo turco anatolio

El antiguo turco anatolio[1] (en turco, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, EAT) es la lengua medieval antecesora del turco moderno hablada en Anatolia de los siglos XI al XV. Evolucionó hasta convertirse en el turco otomano temprano y más tarde el turco osmanlí moderno. Para escribir el antiguo turco anatolio se empleaba la escritura árabe. A diferencia del turco otomano posterior, se usaron diacríticos de vocales cortas.[2] No tuvo estatus oficial hasta 1277, cuando Mehmet I de Karaman declaró un firmán al respecto en un intento[3] romper la supremacía, el dominio y la popularidad de Persa:[4]



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